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Plant Physiology Exam 2
Mineral nutrients
28
Plant Sciences
Undergraduate 4
10/27/2015

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Cards

Term
composition of dry matter
Definition
carbon 43%
oxygen 44%
hydrogen 6%
ash elements 5%
others N S P 2%
Term
Development of the essential element theory
Definition
Aristotle
Van Helmont
John Woodward
Nicolas De Saussure
Justus Von Hiebig
Sachs, Knop, and Noble
Term
Aristotle
Definition
developed the Humus Theory- plants are made of soil
Term
Van Helmont
Definition
placed 5lb willow tree in a tub of 200 lbs soil; grew for 5 years; added only rain water; at end of 5 years, willow weighed 169 lb, soil weighed 199.14 lbs; concluded 1) plants are not made of soil 2) plants are made of H2O
Term
John woodward
Definition
grew spearmint sprigs in different solutions for 72 days: 1) rain water inc. weight 17.5 grams 2) thames river water inc. weight 26 grams 3) hyde park sewer water inc. 139 grams 4) HPSW+soil inc. 284 grams; conclusion 1) rate of growth was dependent on dissolved substances in the water 2) plants composed of water and "earthly substances of unknown origin"
Term
Nicolas De Saussure
Definition
published "chemical researches on plants"; concluded 1) CO2 from air was needed 2) plants required N+K 3) accurate account for plant analysis 4) stated the "law of the minimum" 5) H, O, C, N, K essential elements
Term
Justus Von Hiebig
Definition
claimed Law of the Minimum; applied first "complete fertilizer"= NPK
----> H, O, C, N, K, P
Term
Sachs, Knop and Noble
Definition
1) worked independently 2) developed hydroponics as a research tool 3) extended the element list ---> CHONPK+Ca+S+Mg+Fe
Term
Buildin Elements
Definition
CHONSP
Term
Balance Elements
Definition
KCaMg
Term
Catalytic Elements
Definition
FeMnCuZBMoClNi
Term
Criteria of Essentiality
Definition
1) E must be indispensable for completing of the life cycle of the plant 2) requirement must be specific E; it cannot be replaced or substituted for by another E 3) E must be acting directly inside the plant
Term
Methods for establishing Essentiality of an E: Method of Omission
Definition
Grow plant without the E (hydroponics!!!); Difficulties 1)purification of water 2)salt purification 3) seed content
Term
Methods for establishing Essentiality of an E: "Ultimate Analysis"
Definition
E is always present in the tissue
Term
Nitrogen Functions
Definition
1) proteins- amino acids 2) purins and pyrimidines- nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids- DNA+RNA
Term
Nitrogen Deficiency Functions
Definition
1) overall stunted plant growth 2) yellowing leading to abscission
Term
Nitrogen M or IM
Definition
Mobile
Term
Phosphorus Functions
Definition
1) nucleic acids 2) phospholipids of the membrane
Term
Phosphorus Deficiency Functions
Definition
1) stunted appearance 2) purple or red anthocyanins produced- rosey appearance
Term
Phosphorus M or IM
Definition
Term
Calcium Functions
Definition
1) calcium pectate of middle lamella (sticks cells together like elmers glue) 2) necessary for spindle formation in mitosis
Term
Calcium Deficiency symptoms
Definition
1) meristem regions die 2) short, stubby brown roots
Term
Calcium M or IM
Definition
Immobile (most immobile of all elements)
Term
Contact Exchange theory
Definition
Term
cation exchange capacity definition
Definition
is the total capacity of a soil to hold exchangeable cation
Term
biological membrane composed of what?
Definition
1) bilayer of phospholipids
2) protein
Term
passive transport
Definition
no energy is required; moving from high concentration to low concentration
Term
Active transport
Definition
metabolic energy (ATP) required; moving from low concentration to high concentration
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