Term
| What is the name of the cell wall and extracellular spaces continuum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following organisms are heterotrophs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which enzyme is responsible for the reduction of the NADP+ into NADPH? |
|
Definition
| Ferredoxin NADP reductase |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes P680*? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following reaction is a redox reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an action spectra? |
|
Definition
| A plot of the level of biological activity versus a series of wavelengths of light |
|
|
Term
Where is the lightharvesting
complex I mainly located? |
|
Definition
| In the stroma lamella associated with the photosystem I |
|
|
Term
| Which pigment is present in the antenna complex of higher plants? |
|
Definition
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
Carotenoids |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of a promoter? |
|
Definition
To regulate when a gene is expressed
To regulate where a gene is expressed
To regulate the level of expression of a gene |
|
|
Term
| Where is translation located in eukaryotes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During photosynthesis, which molecule is the final electron acceptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following molecules is a soluble electron transport? |
|
Definition
| Plastohydroquinone and plastocyanine |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following pigments is an accessory pigment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A non‐photosynthetic, colorless and starch‐storing plastid |
|
|
Term
| Which is the name of the pigment associated with the photosystem I? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characterizes the photosystem II? |
|
Definition
It is associated with the Light Harvesting Complex II
It is mainly located in the granum of the thylakoids
The Plastoquinone is bound to the photosystem II
It is formed by the D1 and D2 proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A plastid whose development into a chloroplast has been arrested |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following features is specific to a plant cell? |
|
Definition
Plasmodesmata
Cell wall
Pits
Vacuoles |
|
|
Term
| Which pigment is present in the photosystem I and II? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a peroxisome? |
|
Definition
| Degradation of waste products |
|
|
Term
| What is photophosphorylation? |
|
Definition
| The light dependent ATP synthesis taking place in chloroplast |
|
|
Term
| Which colors of the light spectra does the chlorophyll absorb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the antenna complex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During photosynthesis, which molecule is the electron donor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During photosynthesis, where do protons accumulate? |
|
Definition
| In the lumen of the thylakoids |
|
|
Term
| Where is a deficiency of an immobile essential element first observed? |
|
Definition
| Deficiency first observed in younger leaves |
|
|
Term
| For plant nutrition, what characterizes a macroelement? |
|
Definition
| It is obtained from the soil |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following answer is a subclass of essential elements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characterizes potassium (K)? |
|
Definition
| It is an essential element |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes an active transport? |
|
Definition
It is not spontaneous movement against a gradient of chemical potential from
low to high chemical potential |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes arbuscular mycorrhizae? |
|
Definition
| Fungi penetrate plant cells |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes a passive transport? |
|
Definition
It is a spontaneous movement down a gradient of chemical potential and
required no energy |
|
|
Term
| What influences the development of a root system? |
|
Definition
| ALL of the following: the environment, the type of plant itself, the availability of minerals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ALL of the follwing: it is the zone absorption, it is the zone of mineral absorption increased by mycorrhizal association, it is the zone that surrounds the root of a plant |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes a carrier protein? |
|
Definition
| It is a transporter that only allows either active or passive transport |
|
|
Term
What element controls the passive movement of sucrose from location
A to location B? |
|
Definition
| Only the difference of concentration between A and B |
|
|
Term
What element controls the passive movement of ions from location A to
location B? |
|
Definition
| The difference of both concentration and electropotential between A and B |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following proteins is a transporter? |
|
Definition
| ALL of the following: Pump, carrier, and channel |
|
|
Term
| How is nitrate transported from the soil to the plant? |
|
Definition
| It is transported by a NO3 - / H+ symporter |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes the nitrate reductase enzyme? |
|
Definition
| It is located in the cytosol |
|
|
Term
Which are the different forms of assimilation of nitrogen gas from the
atmosphere? |
|
Definition
| Only lightning, photoreaction and biological |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the nitrogen fixing bacteria which interacts with the alder trees? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characterizes the transport by the phloem? |
|
Definition
| None of following: it is apoplastic, it is not directional, the transport is from sink to source organs |
|
|
Term
| Which is the mechanism of the symplastic phloem loading? |
|
Definition
| Conversion of sucrose into raffinose in the intermediary cell |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the parenchyma cells from the phloem? |
|
Definition
| ALL of the following: loading, storage, unloading |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes a companion cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During oxidative phosphorylation, where do protons accumulate? |
|
Definition
| In the intermembrane space of the mitochondria |
|
|
Term
| Where is the citric acid cycle located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During oxidative phosphorylation, which molecule is the electron
donor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following answers characterizes the citric acid pathway? |
|
Definition
| ALL of the following: production of NADH, several decarboxylation steps, oxidation of pyruvate into CO2 and H20 |
|
|
Term
| Where does the C2 cycle take place? |
|
Definition
None of the following:
Only in the peroxisome
Only in the cytoplasm
Only in the chloroplast
Only in the mitochondria |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of a root hair? |
|
Definition
| To increase water absorption by increasing the surface area of a root |
|
|
Term
| What influences the ratio of carboxylation to oxygenation? |
|
Definition
The ratio of CO2 to O2 in the environment
The Rubisco by itself
The temperature |
|
|
Term
| What is the latent heat of vaporization? |
|
Definition
| The energy required for water to change from liquid to gas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hydrogen bonds between water molecules |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of increasing the solute concentration of a solution? |
|
Definition
| Decreasing both the solute potential and water potential |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Casparian strip located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the products of the carboxylation reaction of the rubisco? |
|
Definition
| 2 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate |
|
|
Term
| What does the Calvin cycle require to function? |
|
Definition
| CO2, ATP, NADPH, Ribulose-1,5-bisphostate |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following parameters does influence the movement of a molecule by diffusion? |
|
Definition
The concentration between locations
The distance between locations
The viscosity of the molecule |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the water potential? |
|
Definition
Solute potential
Gravitational potential
Matrix potential
Pressure potential |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a cell from the xylem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water will move from location A to location B if: |
|
Definition
| The water potential of A is higher than the water potential of B |
|
|
Term
In which cell does the second carboxylation step take place in CAM
plants? |
|
Definition
| In mesophyll and bundle sheath cells |
|
|
Term
| What happen to the glyceraldehyde produced during the Calvin cycle? |
|
Definition
One is used to produce sugar molecules and 5 to regenerate the ribulose 1-5
bis phosphate |
|
|
Term
| What are the products of the oxygenation reaction of the rubisco? |
|
Definition
| one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate and one molecule of 2-phosphoglycolate |
|
|
Term
| How does water vapor leave the inside of a leaf? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the percentage of carbon recovered by the C2 cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for the second
carboxylation step in CAM plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What do algae and cyanobacteria use to concentrate CO2 around the
Rubisco? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the goal of the C2 cycle? |
|
Definition
| To regenerate 3-phosphoglycerate from the 2-phosphoglycolate |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the Rubisco activase? |
|
Definition
| To release a sugar molecule from the rubisco |
|
|
Term
How do C4 and CAM plants prevent the oxygenation reaction of the
rubisco from happening? |
|
Definition
| By increasing CO2 concentration around the rubisco |
|
|
Term
| Where does the Calvin Cycle take place? |
|
Definition
| In the stroma of the chloroplast |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following plants most likely is a CAM plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following answers characterizes the citric acid pathway? |
|
Definition
| A plant which exposure to short day accelerates flowering |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes auxin transport? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of the plant hormone auxin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characterizes a hormone? |
|
Definition
| It is produced in one cell or tissue, then transported to its site of action |
|
|
Term
| What is the phragmoplast? |
|
Definition
| The cell wall between two dividing daughter cells |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following fruits is a climacteric fruit? |
|
Definition
| ALL of the following: Avocado, banana, apple |
|
|
Term
| Which kind of tropism determines root growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ethylene receptor? |
|
Definition
| It is a bacterial two components receptor |
|
|
Term
| What is the direct consequence of the binding of the ligand to a receptor? |
|
Definition
| Modification of the properties of the receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A region of the cell where the secondary cell wall is absent |
|
|
Term
| What is the indole-3-acetic acid? |
|
Definition
| The most abundant auxin in plants |
|
|
Term
| What is the competence stage of the shoot apical meristem? |
|
Definition
| A stage when plant is able to flower when given the right signal |
|
|
Term
| Where is the site of auxin synthesis? |
|
Definition
| The shoot apical meristem |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following hormones is a plant hormone? |
|
Definition
Brassinolide
Auxin
Jasmonic acid |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes the secondary cell wall? |
|
Definition
| It prevents cell expansion |
|
|
Term
| What is cellulose made off? |
|
Definition
| (1->4)-linked beta-D-glucose |
|
|
Term
| Where is the site of light perception on a coleoptile? |
|
Definition
| The tip of the coleoptile |
|
|
Term
Which of the following cells display an orientation of cellulose that is
isotropic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characterizes gibberellic acid (GA)? |
|
Definition
| active and inactive molecules |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of perception of the day length? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following chemicals are elements of the cell wall? |
|
Definition
Lignins
Cutin
Suberin
Proteins |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following organisms is a plant model system? |
|
Definition
| rice and Arabidopsis thaliana |
|
|
Term
| What regulates flowering? |
|
Definition
Hormones
Biological clock
Vernalization
Day length |
|
|
Term
| Which type of molecule are glucoronoarabinoxylans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the AUX/IAA proteins? |
|
Definition
| Transcription factors that repress transcription |
|
|
