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| grow toward light, maximize light reception |
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| growth of vines toward a darkened region of the environment, mechanism by which some tropical vines find a support to grow up |
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| response to touch in which the plant is shorter with thicker stems - prevents plants from getting too spindly and reduces risk of breaking in wind |
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| flowers follow the movement of sun (sun flowers) keeps pollen dry, maximize photosynthesis |
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| pattern of leaves which minimizes overlapping such as ivy on a building |
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| the response of plants to growth in the dark or with reduced light, typically yellow, have elongated internodes (stems) with unfolded leaves and the stems are thinner; these features can be considered as a way of conserving energy until conditions improve |
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| one example of this is known by rhizomatous plants like western ragweed that preferentially colonize saline soil. In this case, the growth rate is higher in saline soil than non saline "moving away from the salt" increasing the likelihood of finding new habitat. stilt palms grow to avoid competition and the roots of many plants grow to avoid one another. Roots track humidity and mineral gradients and can change branching patterns in response. |
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| the tendency for a plant to grow in relation to the pull of gravity, either towards (positive) or away (negative). Roots are positively ------- while stems and shoots are negatively ------. |
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| a plant that gets all or part of its carbon, water. and/or nutrient supply through symbiotic association with fungi |
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| parasite that must obtain carbohydrates found in the host plant phloem |
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| parasitic plant (mistletoe) which carries on some photosynthesis but obtains a portion of its food, water, or minerals from a host plant |
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| an organism that makes its own energy; producers in a food chain such as plants on land or algae in water. |
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| plant that derives moisture and nutrients from the air and rain; usually grows on another plant but not parasitic on it |
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| used to determine the percentage of viable seed in a given sample. active living tissue stains red/pink when exposed to --------. |
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| viability percentage equation |
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| total number (red or pink) / total seeds number X 100 |
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| in the presence of carbon dioxide, _________ ____ becomes yellow or amber |
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