Term
| what conjugates form bound auxins? |
|
Definition
IAA-glucose
IAA-inositol
IAAcetyl aspartic acid |
|
|
Term
| which direction does free auxin travel? bound auxin? |
|
Definition
free - tip down
bound - seed up |
|
|
Term
| how can a plant respond to high IAA levels to counteract? |
|
Definition
create IAA oxidases to degrade IAA
doesn't work with synthetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anti-auxins that inhibit polar transport |
|
|
Term
| what seem to be the 2 main affects of auxin in regards to cell enlargement? |
|
Definition
1. acid growth
2. long -term |
|
|
Term
| what hormone promotes cell division in tissued culture but not for intact plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are auxins and cytokinins needed for growth of crown gall cells in culture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| high auxin:cytokinin ratio in cell culture leads to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| high cytokinin:auxin ratio in cell culture leads to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what amino acid is the precursor to IAA in some pathways? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 3 ways can a plant control its levels of IAA? |
|
Definition
1. change rate of synthesis
2. create IAA-conjugates
3. degrade IAA with IAA oxidases |
|
|
Term
| what hormone is transported in the parenchyma cells that are in contact with the vascular tissue, but not in the vasc. tissue itself? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what form of auxin exhibits polar transport? in what directon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is acid growth? what hormone is this associated with? |
|
Definition
| pH dependant enzyme activated that breaks cross-links in cell wall, allowing for expansion under trugor pressure |
|
|
Term
| how does auxin induce acid-growth? |
|
Definition
| may activate ATPases whose proton pumping leads to cell wall acidification |
|
|
Term
| what is the long-term, non-acid induced, affect of auxin on cell growth? |
|
Definition
| activates cellulose-synthesizing enzymes |
|
|
Term
| what fungus were GA's first isolated from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many GA's associated with fungus? how many novel to fungus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is basic structure of GAs? |
|
Definition
-19-20 carbon structure
-4 or 5 ring system
-atleast one COOH |
|
|
Term
| what is basic structure of GAs? |
|
Definition
-19-20 carbon structure
-4 or 5 ring system
-atleast one COOH |
|
|
Term
| what hormone enhances the hydrolyis of starch by inducing the production of amylase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. developing seeds + fruits
2. Elongating shoots
3. Young leaves of apical buds
4. Apical regions of roots
5. seeds |
|
|
Term
| what hormone can break the dormancy of seeds and dormant buds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what group of plants do GA's produce flowering in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what normal cues to break seed dormancy can GAs replace? |
|
Definition
| cold and exposure to red light |
|
|
Term
| what two hormones used together can produce parthenocarpic fruit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone is transported in the xylem and phloem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the main site of GA production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are Phosphon D, Amo 1618, and CCC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what GA controls stem elongation in corn? what GA mobilizes starch reserves in corn seeds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of a cytokinin? |
|
Definition
| adenine compounds that promote cell division in tissue culture of tobacco pith, carrot phloem, or soybean stems |
|
|
Term
| what are the three forms that each cytolinin can exist in? |
|
Definition
1. free base
2. nucleoside (free base + ribose)
3. nucleotide (free base + ribose + phosphate) |
|
|
Term
| who first noticed that tobacco pith cultured on auxins grew more rapidly if vasc.tissue present? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| were were cytokinins first found? |
|
Definition
coconut milk
herring sperm
corn |
|
|
Term
| what hormone may increase sink strength? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone associated with crown gall tumor formation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone may prevent membrane breakdown? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: cytokinins can counteract the effects of ethylene in flower sensence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what cytolinin able to delay vegetable senesence is not allowed in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone associated with the 'Green Island Effect'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone promotes lateral bud development in dicots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does high cytokinin:auxin ratio on shoots result in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does high auxin:cytokinin ratio in shoots result in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone associated with apical dominance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone associated with lateral bud development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bacteria causes witch's brooming? what hormone associated? |
|
Definition
Corynebacterium fascians
cytokinin |
|
|
Term
| what hormone provided exogenously promotes cell expansion in young leaves, cotyledons, whean coleoptiles, and watermelon hypocotyls? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the 'triple response' caused by ethylen in dark grown pea seedlings? |
|
Definition
1. inhibition of stem elongation
2. increased stem thickness
3. horizontal growth
4. leaf expansion and epicotyl hook opening inhibited |
|
|
Term
| what 2 hormones are shown to be produced by fungi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the chemical structure of ethylene? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what types of fruit can be ripened with ethylene? what not? |
|
Definition
climacteric (apples, bananas)
non-climacteric - citrus |
|
|
Term
| what is the precursor to ethylene synthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what triggers the production of ethylene? |
|
Definition
1. IAA and synthetic auxins
2. wounding
3. drought stress
4. ethylene (autocatylitic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibitor to ethylene synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the immediate precursor to ethylene |
|
|
Term
| what hormone inhibits root and stem elongation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone increases the radial expansion of stems and roots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone causes adventitous root formation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone activates mechanisms against fungal attack? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what inhibits ethylene action? |
|
Definition
high CO2 concentrations
silver
synthetic inhibitors (norbornadiene) |
|
|
Term
| what 2 hormones are considered 'stress hormones'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone is synthesized in plastids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 2 hormones transported in the parenchyma tissue adjacent to the vas. tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormones transported in the xylem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the immediate cause of ABA production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is phaseic acid and dihydrophaseic acid? |
|
Definition
| oxidized, inactivated ABA |
|
|
Term
| what hormone causes stomate closure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does ABA induce stomate closure? |
|
Definition
| inhibits ATP-dependant proton pumps of guard cells so water leaks out leading to decrease in turgor pressure |
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