Term
| systemic acquired resistance(SAR) |
|
Definition
Induced by a pathogen triggering the hypersensitive response.
& produces chemical such as pathogenesis |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Pathogensis-Related(PR) Proteins |
|
Definition
chitinases
gluconases
proteases |
|
|
Term
| Plant Growth regulators produced by or Affected by pathogens |
|
Definition
auxins
cytokinins
ethylene
gibberellins |
|
|
Term
| Induced (active) Plant Defences |
|
Definition
Structural
-abscission layers
-cork layers
-gums or resins
-papillae of callose
-thickening of cell walls |
|
|
Term
| Constructive (Passive) Plant Defenses |
|
Definition
Structural
-bark
-bud scale
-collenchyma
-dense trichomes
-sclerenchyma
-stomata on lower leaf
-waxy cutical |
|
|
Term
| Predictions or warning for most polycyclic Diseases |
|
Definition
| Predict infection periods for secondary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time required for infection to occur, usually hours of leaf wetness at a particular temp. |
|
|
Term
| predictions of monocyclic diseases |
|
Definition
| predict amount or efficacy of primary inoculum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commercial products that are applied to plants to trigger systemic acquired resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
induced by non-pathogens such as rhizobacteria.
antimicrobial pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins not produced |
|
|
Term
| host reactions to pathogens |
|
Definition
resistance
susceptibility
escape
tolerance |
|
|
Term
| Gene-for-gene interactions |
|
Definition
| effectors-pathogen molecules, usually proteins, that are translocated into host cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elicit HR in resistant plants
trigger disease in susceptible plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| containing a gene from a different species; used to describe the products of genetic engineering |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| source of inoculum for other plants that might be more susceptible potential for mutation to a severe strain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vectors of plant pathogens seek out shelter to survive the winter within a vector
perennial plant parts, cankers, & vectors are common survival sites for plant pathogens |
|
|
Term
| How to manage disease in host plants debris |
|
Definition
| removal of fallen leaves of trees and debris of annual plants may significantly reduce disease by removing the survival site. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms that are well adapted to living as saprophytes in the soil are called soil inhabitants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resistance that is effective against all biotypes of the pathogen |
|
|
Term
| hypersensitive resistance |
|
Definition
| rapid & localized cell death at site of infection in resistant interactions between plants and pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a molecule produced by the host that induces a response by that pathogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a plant other than the main host that a parasite can colonize; alternates hosts ae not required for completion of the development cycle the parasite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swollen, flattened portion of fungal filament that adheres to the surface of a higher plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gene in a pathogen that causes the pathogen to elicit on defence response in a resistant host plant & may enhance pathogen virulence in a susceptible host plant |
|
|
Term
cross-protection
like a human vaccination |
|
Definition
| the process whereby a normally susceptible host is infected with less virulent pathogen & thereby becomes resistant to infection by a second more virulent pathogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| failure of inherently susceptible plants to become diseased, even though disease is prevalent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the switching off of a gene by a process other than genetic modification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resistance that is effective against all biotypes of the pathogen |
|
|
Term
| charateristics of Plant diseases that are good candidates for prediction |
|
Definition
economically important
sporadic
disease management strategies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an epidemic in a plant population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to enter, invade or penetrate and establish a parasitic relationship with a host plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to attack as a pest; to contaminate, as with micro-organisms; to be present in large #'s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time required for infection to occur under conductive environmental conditions, usually of leaf wetness and temp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the growth of the same plant species in close proximity, with few or no other types of plant present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| poisonous compound produced by a fungus |
|
|
Term
| marker-assisted selection |
|
Definition
| a procedure used in plant breeding in which genetic markers that are easy to identify and linked to desirable genetic traits that are difficult to identify are used to aid in selection from a population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resistance conferred by a few genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process within living cells in which a double-stranded complementary rna targets a messanger for destruction, blocking the function of a gene from which the mRNA was transcribed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability of a plant to endure an infectious or noninfectious disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plants are planted at a time or location where pathogens arent present or inactive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fungicide that remains on the surface where it is applied; no after infection activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to eliminate a pathogen from infected plant tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| management of plant diseases by eliminating the pathogen after it is established or by eliminating the plants that carry the pathogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduced ability to cause disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| testing of a plant for infection, often by mechanical transmission or by grafting tissue from it |
|
|
Term
| integrated pest management (IPM) |
|
Definition
| reduced disease symptoms on a portion of a plant distant from the area where the inducing agent is active. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| production of multiple crops in the same space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resistance that remains effective during prolonged and widespread use in an environment favorable to disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bearer of heredity material, often loosely applied to cultivers and breeding lines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell with genetically different nuclei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of a group of prokaryotic organisms bounded by flexible membranes and lacking cell walls |
|
|
