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Definition
| 400 MYA with lots of fossils but little idea of the origin |
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Definition
| Period of introduction for vascular plants |
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Definition
| Where sexual reproduction occurs. Gametes formed mitotically because the cells are already haploid. |
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| Alternation of heteromorphic generations |
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Definition
| Sporophyte and gametophytes look different. |
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Definition
| Producer of spores via meiosis. |
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Definition
| Organ where spores are produced. |
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| The closest living relative to the land plants are ___ |
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Definition
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| What do chorophytes lack? |
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Definition
| A sporophyte, they only have a 2N single cell sporophytic generation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Origin theory. Ancestor was algae with isomorphic alternation of generation. This was rejected. |
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Term
| Antithetic Theory / Interpolation Theory |
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Definition
| Origin theory. No multicellular organism at the sporophyte level. Had to be invented in the land plants. Theory suggest that the 2N cell did not divide by meiosis immediately but instead used mitosis to develop more spores |
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Term
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Definition
| Sporophyte and Gametophyte look the same. |
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Term
| Sterilization of potentially sporophytic tissue |
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Definition
| Part of the antithetic tissue. Where there is not a multicellular sporophyte, the 2N evolves to make more cells by mitosis. Some of these cells do not become reproductive but sterilize and differentiate to form other types of cells. Takes the 2N cell to a multicellular sporophyte. (hypothesis) |
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Term
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Definition
| All the spores look the same |
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Term
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Definition
| Spores that look the same |
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Definition
| Large spores that produce female gametophytes and small spores that produce male gametophytes. |
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Definition
| Gives the least amount of information |
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Definition
| Epidermis and cuticle is still preserved |
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Term
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Definition
| Infiltration of the plant part by minerals such as silicon and calcium carbonate |
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Term
| 2 Major theories of the origin of the sporophyte |
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Definition
| Homologous theory, Antithetical theory |
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Term
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Definition
| Earliest plant to be described, Never had leaves, Had dichotomous branching. Without true rootes, it had a continuation of the stem. |
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Term
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Definition
| Progeny of tetrad spores that produce 4 identical, connected spores produced when a single cell undergoes meiosis. |
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Definition
| Horizontal stem that functions like a root. Can be under or on the ground. |
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Definition
| Wrote a paper on the Rhynie chert |
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Term
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Definition
| Rich site of permineralization with silica. All plants have a protostele, and stomates. |
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Definition
| Most common plant in the chert. The supposedly vascular tissue did not have tracheid because they did not have secondary thickenings. Only vascular plants have branching but aglaophyton had branching with no vascular tissue so aglaophyton shows that branching preceded vascular tissue. |
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Definition
| Very simple plants with no leaves. Had terminal sporangia and dichotomous branching |
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Term
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Definition
| "Star Xylem" Most morpholocgicall complec, Zesterophyll (early lichopod), Has enations,no vascular tissue. Lateral sporangia associated with the enations. Protoxylem is to the ouside (exarch) |
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Term
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Definition
| Earliest vascular plant. Dichotomous branching, protostele, terminal sporangia |
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral sporangia, Exarch, have enations |
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Term
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Definition
| Microphylls, True leaves and roots, have cones (strobilus), Adaxial sporangia, Homosporous, Plectostele |
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Term
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Definition
| Heterosporous, Endosporous, Ligulate, Heterophylly, Protostele. Segregatted sex in the same cone, reduced male gametophyte but not egg. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pseudobipolar growth, Corm, Single vascular bundle, Air canals, Cambium, Root structure |
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Term
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Definition
| large tree, Diamond shaped scar pattern from air canals, Dichotomous branching, 2nd xylem but not 2nd phloem, evolved a seed |
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Term
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Definition
| Overtopping, sterilization, planation, webbing. Happened at least twice. Zimmerman. |
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Term
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Definition
| Horsetail genus, sphenophyte, has elaters that spring out spores, whirled branching, rough surface due to silica, Intercallay meristem. |
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Term
| Equisetums three cavities |
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Definition
| Carinal canal (vascular bundle), Vallecular canal (H2O transport), Pith cavity (largest) |
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Definition
| primary meristem at nodes in equisetum |
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