Term
| Land Plants are more closely related than ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Bryophytes (3). What does it mean? |
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Definition
| Liverworst, Hornworts, Mosses. Nonvascular |
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Term
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Definition
| Lycopods, Ginkgo, Ferns, Conifers, Horsetails, Enetales, Cycads, Angiosperms |
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Term
| What is a plant cell wall made of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stores pressure or maintains the pressure caused by the cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
| Connections of cytoplasm between adjacent cells |
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Term
| Why can't plant cells move much? |
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Definition
| Cells are connected by the plasmodesmata |
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Term
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Definition
| The tip of the plant that is associated with primary growth. These cells are relatively undifferentiated |
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Term
| What does it mean that pants do not have a distinct germline? |
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Definition
| They have no specific gamete producing cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma |
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Term
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Definition
| Alive at maturity, one thin primary wall. Photosynthesis occurs here. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alive at maturity, Irregularly thickened primary wall, Support tissue but still flexible, Contains a lot of H20 |
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Term
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Definition
| Dead at maturity, Has 2 walls, 2nd wall contains lignin, Because of the lignin it is very rigid |
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Term
| What is the plant's primary organ? |
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Definition
| Stem because it gives rise to branches and leaves. |
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Term
| The earliest plants had no (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is dichotomous branching? |
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Definition
| Apical meristem splits in two to form a Y-shaped stem. |
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Term
| What plant types used dichotomous branching? (3) |
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Definition
| Ferns, Horntails, Cycads. |
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Term
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Definition
| Branching occuring on the side of the stem. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Bumps" that become leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| Derives from the apical meristem, leaves and original stem tissue (internal and external). |
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Term
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Definition
| Secondary Growth that expands the girth. |
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Term
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Definition
| The outer of the stem or root of a plant. In between the endodermis and the epidermis. Part of the ground system. Parenchymal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Center of the stem. Part of the ground system. Parenchymal |
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Term
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Definition
| Made of the large cell (xylem) and smaller thin cells (phloem). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Waxy covering produced by the epidermis. Made of cutin. Protects against water loss. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pores that allow for gas exchange. Are a source of water loss. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hollow cells in the xylem that are closed at both ends but allow H20 to zig zag up the plant. Helps to circumvent air embolisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tracheid-like but shorter, fatter and open at both ends. This is more efficient. |
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Term
| Stacked vessel elements are called ___ |
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Definition
| A vessel, but the ends are closed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small perforations at the ends of the vessel elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| First formed xylem made during stem elongation. The secondary wall is helical to allow for elongation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Xylem made after stem elongation. Secondary wall is no longer helical. |
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Term
| Protoxylem and Metaxylem relationship in the stem. |
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Definition
| Endarch. The protoxylem is on the inside of the metaxylem (except lichopods) |
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Term
| Protoxylem and Metaxylem relationship in the root |
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Definition
| Exarch. Protoxylem is on the outside of the Metaxylem (except for lichopods) |
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Term
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Definition
| Either Tracheids or Vessel Elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Live at maturity, Thin walled, Sieve plates, Sieve plate companion cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pores at the ends of phloem that allow for carbohydrate transport. |
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Term
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Definition
| For lateral growth, Goes between the xylem and the phloem (tree ring) and also between the vessels. Lays down new xylem to the inside and new phloem to the outside. 3:1 xylem to phloem. Causes primary xylem and phloem to be crushed and sometimes wiped out except at the tips where new tissue is being formed. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| As secondary growth continues ___ |
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Definition
| The cortex and pith will disappear. |
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Term
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Definition
| Made of phelogen, Replaces the epidermis with secondary tissue. Bark. |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary vascular tissue of the stem. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Scattered vascular bundles |
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Term
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Definition
| Single vascular bundle that the earliest land plants had. Glob of xylem with phloem around it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Continuous ring of vascular cells that are not in bundles. Maybe some of the xylem stayed alive at maturity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral organs that derive from the apical meristem. |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper surface of the leaf |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower surface of the leaf |
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Term
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Definition
| Where most of the gas exchange occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| Small with one strand of vascular tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Larger leaf with more vascular tissue. Evolved at least twice. |
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