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| oldest plants, very simple |
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| No roots, stems or leaves. Multicellular, Do photosynthesis, reproduce, complex cells. |
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| They live in water or next to water. |
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| waxy covering used to prevent loss of water to the air |
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| Stomata (pores) surrounded b guard cells |
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| guard cells swell up and prevent gases from going in and out of the plant to prevent evaporation |
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| Most well developed nonvascular plant |
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| primitive roots: help hang on and absorb water (moss have them) |
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| examples of nonvascular plants |
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| Liverwort and Bryophyta (Moss) |
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| 1st evolved 450 years ago: relatively new |
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| Generally bigger than nonvascular: Have leaves for a bigger space to capture light and make more food. Stems have tissues that allow food and water to flow through the plant. Roots absorb water from deep in the soil. Pollen- sperm did not have to swim through the water anymore, now it could float in the air. Seeds protect embryo from drying out with their shell. |
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| uses: for protection, some for photosynthesis |
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| move water around the plant, aren’t living but were once alive: left behind cell walls which make an empty strong tube. Die when stacked on top the other |
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| move the food through xylem for storage |
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| designed to store food & store water. Also absorbs other nutrients |
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| grab on and absorb more water than the root |
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Meristematic: new cells are produced; baby cells are soft so they are protected by the root cap
Zone of elongation: where new cells grow
Zone of differentiation: where new cells become different tissues |
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| new cells are produced; baby cells are soft so they are protected by the root cap |
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| Transport water & Nutrients, support leaves and flowers, used for storage |
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| itty bitty cells for storage |
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| areas of xylem and phloem together (X circle) |
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| outer edge of circle that forms more xylem and phloem cells |
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| are plants multicelllar or cellular |
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| eukaryotic (you-keri-otic) |
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| kind of cells a plant has |
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| types of ____: monocots & dicots |
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| 1 leaf, parallel veins, multiples of 3, ex: grasses, grains |
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| more than 1 leaf, have network of veins, flower parts of 4/5, have a taproot ex: woody plants, roses, sunflowers |
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| layer of cells towards top of leaf, very closely stacked, absorb as much sunlight as possible |
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| very spaced apart so gases can circulate, photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and the spongy layer lets it in |
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| aids in the dispersal of pollen |
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-Whorl 1 (Calyx)- contains the sepals, encloses and protects the flower bud
-Whorl 2 (Corolla)- contains the petals, attracts insects and other pollen-bearing animals to the flower
-Whorl 3 (Androecium)- contains the stamens: male reproductive organ made of filament and anther
-Whorl 4 (Gynoecium)- contains the pistil: female reproductive organs made of the stigma, style, and ovary) |
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| number of parts flowers have |
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