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present in all plants and in all cells; involved in growth and development; available in large quantities
Ex: carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins |
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unique to particular species and only in specialized cells; for structural support, defense and as attractants; in low quantities
ex: flavonols (smell, color, taste) and flavonoids (symbioses); lignin (support) |
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Definition
derived by MEP pathway or MAP pathway; made of isoprene units that are 5 carbon skeletons
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| protect from soil microbes; derived from a pathway converting carbs into amino acids; in shikimic pathway using shikimic acid |
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| derived from amino acids; provide protection against predators |
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| plants contain an enzyme that separates the cyanide ion from the sugar molecule |
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| growth differentiation balance hypothesis |
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Definition
| plants have limited resources which impacts growth (cell expansion); tradeoffs occur; photosynthates accumulate and are used for defence; when photosynthetic rates are low, it inhibits growth and defense. |
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| mechanisms that are always present in plants (for defense) |
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| defensive mechanisms that are initiated only after actual damage occurs |
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Definition
organic molecule synthesized in one location of an organism and transported to another, where it affects growth and development at low concentrations
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Definition
auxins
gibberellins
abscisic acid
cytokinins
ethylene
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| levels rise when insect damages leaf; not toxic but a deterrant; transported through phloem; releases a defense compound (HIPV) |
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| herbivore induced plant volatiles |
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Definition
HIPV
sounds alarm to wan neighboring plants against incoming predators |
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Definition
| plants can form this via elicitor as a defense against the piercing-sucking insects; induces release of HIPV |
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