Term
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Definition
| Head inflorescence: Multiple flowers ("florets") on a common receptacle, subtended bracts called phyllaries, which make up the involucre.Calyx modified to a papus. Stamens united by their anthers. Fruits are achene. Types of florets: actinomorphic discs and zygomorphic ray/ligulate flowers. |
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Term
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Definition
| actinomorphic; bisexual; situated in center if ray or ligulate florets are present. |
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Term
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Definition
| zygomorphic with a ligule; unisexual-pistillate; on margin of inflorescence like sunrays. |
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Term
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Definition
| zygomorphic; bisexual; w/ a ligule; typically not w/ disk florets, usually in a head of ONLY ligulates. |
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Term
| Asteracaceae - edible genera |
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Definition
| Artemisia: tarragon; Cichorum: chicory, endive, and radicchio; lactuca: lettuce; cynara: artichoke; helianthus: sunflower oil, "seeds", jerusalem artichoke. |
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Term
| Asteracaceae - inedible genera |
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Definition
| Tanacetum coccineum: pyrethrum (insecticide); Eupatorium regosum, helenium, senecio: poisonous pasture plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flowers in an umbel; 5 sepals, petals, stamens of each individual flower; Inferior ovary: 2 carpels, 1 ovule in each (after ovulation, ovule drops into schizocarp fruit); Stem-sheathing petioles. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dense, flat-topped cluster of flowers. Part of apiaceae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anethum graveolens: dill; Daucus carrota: carrot; Apium graveolens: celery; Foeniculum vulgare: fennel; Pastinaca crispum: parsley; Carum carvi: caraway (herb and anti-spasmodic); Pimpinella anisum: anise; Cuminum cyminum: cumin. |
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Term
| Apiaceae - inedible genera |
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Definition
| Cicuta maculata: water hemlock; Conium maculatum: hemlock; Heracleum mantegazzianum: giant hogweed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leaves can be alternate and simple; Flowers: 4 sepals, 4 diagonally opposed petals, 6 stamens - 4 long inner, 2 short outer; Ovary: 4 locules divided by a false partition; Special fruit: narrow silique/short silicle; seeds separated by a reclum. |
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Term
| Brassicaceae - Edible genera |
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Definition
| Brassica: kohlrabi, mustard, canola oil (rapeseed oil), cabbage, kale, cauliflower, broccoli, rutabaga, turnip, chinese cabbage, bok choy; Armoracia rusticana: horseradish; Raphanus sativus: radish, daikon; Eruca sativa: arugula; Nastartium officinale: water cress. |
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Term
| Brassicaceae - inedible genera |
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Definition
| Isatis tinctoria: dyer's woad (deep blue); Alliaria petiolata: garlic mustard (shades plants out of existence) |
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Term
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Definition
| Square stems and opposite leaves; flowers: 5 fused petals w/ diverged lips (bilabiate); pistil: superior 4-lobed overy and style that arise from base and go up between lobes (gynobasic); Fruit: 4 nutlets. |
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Term
| Lamiaceae - Edible genera |
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Definition
| Ocinum: marjoram, basil; Origanum: oregano; Mentha: mint; Rosmarinus officinalis: rosemary; Salvia officinalis: sage; Thymus: Thyme. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 sepals and 3 petals that look alike (tepals); 6 stamens; 1 pistil w/ superior ovary of 3 fused carpels; fruit: sepicidal (splitting at septal) or loculicidal; Fruit: capsules (dehisces longitudinally) or berries. |
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Term
| Liliaceae - edible genera |
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Definition
| Allium: onion, cippolini onion, shallot, garlic, chives, leek; Asparagus officinalis: asparagus |
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Term
| Liliaceae - inedible genera |
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Definition
| Convallaria majalis (lily-of-the-valley): highy poisonous cardendides/glycosides; Veratrum: false hellebore (toxic steroidal alkaloids); Zigadenus nuttallii |
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Term
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Definition
| Flower: parts in 5s; Cup-like tube called hypanthium; Fruit: achene, drupe, follicle, pome, aggregate, accessory; 3 subfamilies: Prunoideae, maloideae, rosoideae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Over superior of a single pistil; Mature fruit: drupe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Subfamily of Rosaceae; Inferior ovary of 3-5 carpels; Pome fruit w/ fleshy edible portion derived from hypanthiam and/or receptacle tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Subfamily of Rosaceae; Ovaries (gynoecium) superior; free, simple pistils w/in hollow hypanthium or on outside of elongate receptacle; Mature "fruits": achenes or drupelets (hips, aggregates, accessories. |
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Term
| Prunoideae - edible genera |
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Definition
| Prunus: sweet cherry, sour cherry, peach, nectarine, plum, apricot, almond (we eat the seed/ovule...not the fruit) |
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Term
| Maloideae - edible general |
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Definition
| Pyrus: pear; Malus: apple; Cydonia: quince |
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Term
| Rosoideae - edible genera |
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Definition
| Fragaria: strawberry; Rubus: blackberry, dewberry, raspberry. |
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Term
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Definition
| Radially symmetrical - 5 united sepals and 5 petals united at base; 5 stames, sometimes fewer; all parts attached at ovary base; leaves alternate, simple, lobed; fruit: berry or 2-chambered capsule. |
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Term
| Solanaceae - edible genera |
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Definition
| Capsicum: bell pepper, chilies, paprika; Physalis: tomatillo, strawberry tomato; Solanum: tomato (roma, cherry, heirloom), eggplant, potato. |
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Term
| Solanaceae - inedible genera |
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Definition
| Atropa belladonna: nightshade, belladonna, atropine; Datura stramonium: jimson weed (scopolamine, atropine); Nicotiana: tobacco, nicotine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leaves palmately veined +/- lobes; separate male/female flowers (monoecious); pistil w/ inferior ovary of 3 carpels w/ single locule w/ parietal placentation; fruit: pepo (berry w/ hard rind); nectary disk: both sexes - bigger in females. |
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Term
| Cucurbitaceae - edible genera |
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Definition
| Citrullus lanatus: watermelon; Cucumis: cantaloupe, honey-dew, cucumber; Cucurbita, C. mixta, C. maxima, C. mixta: squash; C. pepo, C. mixta, C. maxima, C. moschata: pumpkin; Lagenaria, cucurbita: gourd |
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Term
| Cucurbitaceae - inedible genera |
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Definition
| Trichosanthes kirilowii: tree-of-joy (anti-cancer agent trichosanthin) |
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