Term
| Lands plants evolved from _______ ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Green algae called ________ are the closest relatives of _______ ______. |
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Definition
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Term
The charophytes are the only present-day algae that share the following distinctive traits with land plants, suggesting that they are the closest living relatives of plants: _______________________
_______________________
_______________________ |
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Definition
-Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
-structure of flagellated sperm
-formation of a phragmoplast |
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Term
| ______________ prevents exposed zygotes from drying out |
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Definition
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Term
Five traits that are found in land plants but not in charophyte algae:
1)_________________________
2)_________________________
3)_______________________
4)________________________
5)________________________ |
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Definition
1) alternation of generation
2) multicellular, dependent embryos
3) walled spores produced in sporangia
4) multicellular gametangia
5) apical meristems |
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Term
| __________________ _ ______________ a life cycle in which there is both a multicellular dipped form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae. |
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Definition
| Alternation of generations |
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Term
| _____________________ is named for its production by mitosis of haploid gametes eggs and sperm that fuse during fertilization, forming diploid zygotes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mitotic division of the zygote produces a multicellular diploid _________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Meiosis in a mature sporophyte produces haploid ____________, reproductive cells that can develop into a new haploid organism with fusing with another cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| The multicellular, dependent embryo of land plants is such a significant derived trait that land plants are also known as _________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sporophyte has multicellular organs called ______________ that produce the spore. |
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Definition
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Term
| Within a sporangium, diploid cells called _________________, or spore mother cells, undergo meiosis and generate the haploid spores. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______________ plant embryos develop from zygotes that are retained within the tissues of the female parent (a gametophyte). |
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Definition
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Term
| Plant spores are _________________ reproductive cells that can grow into multicellular haploid gametophytes by __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Another feature distinguishing early land plants from their algal ancestors was the production of gametes within multicellular organs called _________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The female gametangia are called ________________ (singular, archegonium). |
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Definition
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Term
| This growth in length is sustained throughout the plant's life by the activity of ___________ ________________, localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ _______________ embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and buds of shoots. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________________, a waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that prevents desiccation in terrestrial plants. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most plants also have specialized pores called _____________, which support photosynthesis by allowing the exchange of CO2 and O2 between the outside air and the plant. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________ are also the main avenues by which water evaporates from the plant; in hot, dry conditions, the stomata close, minimizing water loss. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________________ _______ , a plant with vascular tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| Plants that do not have an extensive transport system-liverworts, mosses, and hornworts-are described as ______________ plants. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nonvascular plants are often informally called _________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Seedless vascular plants: ____________ _________________ |
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Definition
| Phylum-lycophyta Phylum-monilophyta |
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Term
| Vascular seed plants: ______________ ___________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Nonvascular plants (bryophytes): ___________ _______________ _____________. |
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Definition
| Phylum-hepatophyta Phylum-Bryophyta Phylum-Anthocerophyta |
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Term
| Liverworts belong to ________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| mosses belong to _________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| hornworts belong to ___________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _______ is an embryo packaged with a supply of nutrients inside a protective coat. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________________ are grouped together as "naked seed" plants because their seeds are not enclosed in chambers. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ are a huge clade consisting of all flowering plants; their seeds develop inside chambers that originate within flowers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mosses and other nonvascular plants have life cycles dominated by ________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The nonvascular plants (bryophytes) are represented today by three phyla of small herbaceous (nonwoody) plants: _____________ (phylum hepatophyta), _______________ (phylum bryophyta), and _______________ (phylum anthocerophyta). |
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Definition
| liverworts mosses hornworts |
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Term
| Each of these bud-like growths has an apical meristem that generates a gamete-producing structure known as a ________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The gametophytes are anchored by delicate __________, which are long, tubular single cells (in liverworts and hornworts) or filaments of cells (in mosses). |
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Definition
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Term
| Bryophyte sperm typically require a film of _________ to reach the egg. |
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Definition
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Term
| Embedded in the archegonium, the ______ absorbs nutrients from the gametophyte. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ , or stalk, conducts these materials to the sporangium, also called a __________, which uses them to produce spores by meiosis. |
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Definition
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