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| A chemical compound produced by one microorganism that inhibits growth or kills other living organisms |
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| Large populations of bacteria that exude from the cut surface of infected plant tissue when observed with a microscope. |
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| The successive planting of different crop species; often used to improve soil fertility or to reduce disease and pest problems. |
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| In reference to prokaryotic organisms, having special growth and nutritional requirements. |
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| A procedure used for identification of bacteria in which crystal violet stain, Gram's iodine, ethyl alcohol and safranin stain are applied in succession to cells of the bacteria |
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| Epidermal leaf structure specialized for secretion or exudation of water; leaf opening at terminus of vein. |
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| The time between infection and the production of new inoculum; the time after a vector has acquired a pathogen and before it can be transmitted |
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| A natural opening in the surface of a fruit, root, stem, or tuber for gas exchange |
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| A mass of bacterial cells mixed with host fluids |
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| : A subdivision of a plant-pathogenic bacterial species defined by host range; pathovar for bacteria is equivalent to forma specialis for fungi. |
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| A plant-parasitic pleomorphic mollicute (prokaryote with no cell wall) found in phloem tissue; cannot yet be grown on artificial nutrient media. |
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| An organism without internal membrane-bound organelles, lacking a distinct nucleus, such as bacteria and mollicutes |
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| A type of pathogen transmission characterized by a long period of acquisition of the pathogen (usually a mollicute, e.g., phytoplasma or spiroplasma, and sometimes a virus) by a vector (typically an insect), a latent period before the vector is able to transmit the pathogen, and retention of the pathogen by the vector for a long period because the pathogen reproduces or replicates in the vector |
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| Any symptom that resembles the result of flame or fire on the affected part, often seen at the margins of leaves. |
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| Softening, discoloration, and often disintegration of plant tissue as a result of fungal or bacterial infection |
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| Disease symptom characterized by an abnormal, massed, brushlike development of many weak shoots arising at or close to the same point |
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| A disease characterized by chlorosis and stunting of the host plant. |
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| The failure of chlorophyll development, caused by disease or a nutritional disturbance; fading of green plant color to light green, yellow, or white. |
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| The underdevelopment of a plant or plant organs, which may be caused by disease, inadequate nutrition, or unfavorable environmental conditions. |
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| A break or stripe in flower color |
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| The range of plants on which an organism, particularly a parasite, feeds |
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| Spread or introduction of inoculum to an infection court (wounding) by human manipulation, accompanied by physical disruption of host tissues |
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| A living organism (e.g., insect, mite, bird, higher animal, nematode, parasitic plant, human) able to carry and transmit a pathogen and disseminate disease; in genetic engineering, a vector or cloning vehicle is a self-replicating DNA molecule, such as a plasmid or virus, used to introduce a fragment of foreign DNA into a host cell |
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| The aseptic in vitro culture of a plant or plant part from a portion of the meristem; a method used to produce pathogen-free plants. |
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| Plant that reacts to a pathogen or an environmental factor with specific symptoms, used to detect or identify the pathogen or determine the effects of the environmental factor |
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| A disease symptom characterized by no uniform coloration, with intermingled normal, light green and yellowish patches, usually caused by a virus |
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| The transmission of pathogens, usually viruses, by rubbing sap from an infected plant onto a healthy plant to cause infection. |
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| The stiff, slender, hollow feeding organ of plant-parasitic nematodes or sap-sucking insects, e.g., aphids and leafhoppers |
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| Ability of a plant to endure an infectious or noninfectious disease, adverse conditions, or chemical injury without serious damage or yield loss; (of pesticides) the amount of chemical residue legally permitted on an agricultural product entering commercial channels and usually measured in parts per million |
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| Possessing a gene from another species; used to describe the organisms that have been the subject of genetic engineering. |
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| A form of asexual reproduction in plants in which cuttings, bulbs, tubers, and other vegetative plant parts are used to grow new plants. |
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| A submicroscopic, intracellular, obligate parasite consisting of a core of infectious nucleic acid (either RNA or DNA) |
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| An infectious, non encapsidated (naked) circular, single-stranded RNA |
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| A disease symptom characterized by yellowish or necrotic rings enclosing green tissue, as in some plant diseases caused by viruses. |
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| A parasite that feeds from the exterior of its host. |
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| A parasite that feeds from the inside of its host. |
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| A chemical or physical agent that inhibits fungal growth, sporulation, or spore germination, but does not cause death |
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| Agent, usually a chemical, that kills or inhibits nematodes. |
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| A disease control practice in which soil is covered with polyethylene sheeting and exposed to sunlight, thereby heating the soil and inhibiting or killing soil borne plant pathogens. |
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