Term
| Name 6 physical/mechanical plant defenses |
|
Definition
- trichomes
- mucigel on root
- cuticle
- cellulose cell walls
- phloem-plugging seals for wounded vascular tissue
- thorns
- spines
- camouflage
- silica in grasses
- mimickry-resembling a toxic plant
- hypersensitive response
|
|
|
Term
| cells in and around an infection die to stop the spread |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hormone that repels herbivorous insects and may attract predators of those insects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plant hormone that acts as a fungicide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hormones produced in response to physical damage or infection |
|
Definition
| salicylic acid and jasmonic acid |
|
|
Term
| chemical compounds produced by plants with no direct role in growth or development; may be specific to certain families of plants; once considered waste products |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three major classes of secondary metabolites? |
|
Definition
- nitrogen-containing compounds
- terpenoids
- phenolics
|
|
|
Term
| secondary metabolites synthesized from amino acids |
|
Definition
| nitrogen-containing compounds |
|
|
Term
| What are the four groups of nitrogen-containing compounds? |
|
Definition
- alkaloids
- cyanogenic glycosides
- glucosinolates
- antidigestive proteins
|
|
|
Term
| affect nervous system, plasma membrane, and protein synthesis; released after damage to tissue takes place |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alkaloid that produces the pungency factor in peppers; binds to the pain receptor in mammals; found in the placenta of peppers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| produced in light; causes cramping, vomiting, headache and diarrhea; found in uncovered potato tubers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 4 examples of alkaloids. |
|
Definition
- caffeine
- morphine
- nicotine
- cocaine
- capsaicin
- solanine
|
|
|
Term
| produced by members of the rose family; broken down to release cyanide gas; release triggered by herbivory; causes blockage of cellular respiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is cyanide produced in plants that produce cyanogenic glycosides? |
|
Definition
Glycoside and hydrolytic enzymes, which are stored in different compartments within a plant, combine to form cyanide. |
|
|
Term
contain sulfur and nitrogen, found in the mustard family (cabbage, brussel sprouts, broccoli) feeding repellent/toxin; glycosides break down to make mustard gas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can a high dosage of glucosinolates cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two modes of action that antidigestive proteins may take? |
|
Definition
- directly blocking enzymes involved in digestion
- preventing absorption of nutrients in the intestine
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| volatile mixtures of terpenoids |
|
|
Term
| toxins and feeding deterrents secreted by glandular trichomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terpenoid found in conifer resins; toxic to insects; used in citrus-flavored drinks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terpenoids that are plant steroids that disrupt an insect's ability to molt and halt its life cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terpenoids with soap-like properties; can disrupt cell membranes; found in yams and agave; used to synthesize progesterone for birth control pills |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terpenoid that is a polymer suspended in latex; used in wound healing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| secondary metabolite that can provide defense, mechanical support, UV protection; can act as attractants and aid competition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unsure whether hormone or secondary metabolite; increases defense compounds in the entire plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| similar to an immune response in animals, causes an increase in plant resistance to attack (SAR) |
|
Definition
| systemic acquired response (SAR) |
|
|
Term
| volatile compound that induces SAR in neighboring plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| found in unripe fruits and wood, binds salivary and digestive enzymes, used for tanning animal hides for leather, prevents decay of wood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| phenolics synthesized in response to bacterial or fungal attack to prevent the spread of infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| phenolic polymer in secondary wall in tracheids and vessel elements; deters herbivory by causing indigestion; provides structural support within the xylem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| phenolic that acts as an antioxidant, an attractant in flowers and fruit; discourages fungal growth and provides photoprotection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 ways in which herbivores have adapted against plant defenses. |
|
Definition
- microbes in the stomach help grazers digest cellulose
- grazers have teeth that continuously grow because silica in grass wears them down
- avoidance strategies
- neutralizing toxins
- tolerating toxins
- sequestering toxins as a defense mechanism
|
|
|
