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Definition
| group of interbreeding organisms present in a specific location at a specific time |
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| EVOLUTION HAPPENS AT A _______ LEVEL |
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Definition
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Definition
| frequency of a particular allele in the population |
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| 5 forces that drive evolution |
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Definition
| mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection, nonrandom mating |
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| all the alleles of all the genes in a freely interbreeding population . |
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| evolution can be defined as a _____ in ____ ________ through time |
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| term meaning: small-scale evolutionary changes caused by changes in allele or genotype frequencies in a population over a few generations. |
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| Hardy Weinberg equilibrium |
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Definition
| no change in gene frequencies and therefor no evolution |
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| Hardy Weinburg principles |
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Definition
1. no natural selection
2. no mutation
3. no migration
4. all individulas contribute equally to gene pool
5. all mating is random |
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| _______ is the source of new alleles in a gene pool |
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Definition
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| 4 factors that can change allele or genotype freq. |
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Definition
| mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection. |
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Definition
| study of geographic distribution of living organisms and fossils, geographic distribution of organism's evolution, and areas isolated for a long time (indigenous species) |
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Definition
| process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms |
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| evidence of evolution (3) |
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Definition
| fossils, geological formations, isotope/carbon dating and other types of dating |
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| any trait that increases fitness is know as a(n): |
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Definition
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Definition
| organs that serve no useful function in an organism |
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| this amino acid sequence is more similar in species that are more closely related |
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Definition
| population growth is too big, if it continues world ending catastrophe will occur. |
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| 3 indisputable facts of natural selection: |
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Definition
organisms produce more offspring than can survive
individuals vary in characteristics
many characteristics are inherited by offspring from their parents |
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| define natural selection: |
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Definition
| Mechanism of evolution in which individuals with inherited characteristics well suited to the environment leave more offspring than do individuals that are less suited to the environment |
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| true or false: natural selection can result from human intervention, control and/or direction |
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Definition
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Definition
| comprehensive, unified explanation of evolution based on combining previous theories, especially of Mendelian genetics with Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. |
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Definition
| environmental factors like diet, stress and prenatal nutrition can make an imprint on genes that are passed from one generation to the next |
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Definition
| random change in allele freq. in a small breeding population. |
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Definition
| movements of alleles between a local population due to migration and subsequent interbreeding. |
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| bottleneck - creates random genetic changes without regard to adaption. |
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| define: biological species concept |
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Definition
| concept that a species consists of one or more populations whose members can interbreed to produce fertile offspring and cannot interbreed with individuals of other species. |
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Definition
| situation in which reproductive barriers prevent members of a species from successfully interbreeding with members of another species. |
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| reproductive isolation occurs when... |
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Definition
two species reproduce at different times of the day, season, year.
structural differences. |
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| define: allopatric speciation |
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Definition
| evolution of a new species that occurs when one population becomes geographically separated from the rest of the species and subsequently evolves. |
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Definition
| evolution of a new species that occurs within the parent species' geographic region. |
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Definition
offspring of individuals of different species.
usually die at early stage of embryonic development
if it survives, it usually cannot reproduce successfully. |
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Definition
situation in which an interspecific hybrid contains two+ sets of chromosomes from each of the parent species.
(may enable the interspecific hybrid to reproduce successfully as a new species) |
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Definition
| completes life cycle in one year |
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Definition
| plants that complete life cycle in two years |
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Definition
| plants that live more than two years |
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Definition
| loses leaves during dormant season |
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Definition
| keeps leaves and remains green year round |
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| scientific study of the diversity of organisms and their natural relationships |
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| evolutionary history of a species or other taxonomic group |
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| said of a group consisting of organisms that evolved from a common ancestor |
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| plants required evolution of structural, physiological, and/or reproductive adaptations in order to.... |
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Definition
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| plants most likely evolved from... |
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| reproductive cell that gives rise to individual offspring in plants, fungi, and certain algae and protozoa. |
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Term
| first stage of the sporophyte generation is a... |
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Definition
zygote
(develops into embryo and is protected and nourished by gametophyte plant) |
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Term
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Definition
| small, fairly simple plants. nonvascular, gameotophye is dominant generation (grows independently of sporophytes and is usually perennial) |
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Term
| Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts are part of what phyla? |
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Definition
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| adaptational benefit of vascular tissue |
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Definition
| enables transport of water against gravity from tissues in contact with wet soil to tissues in contact with air |
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Definition
| vascular tissue that conducts water and dissolved minerals |
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Definition
| vascular tissue that conducts dissolved sugar and other organic compounds |
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| adaptation that byrophytes lack |
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Definition
do not have vascular tissue.
MUST HAVE WATER TO REPRODUCE |
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Definition
| type of leaf found in lycophyes that contain one vascular strand |
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Definition
| type of leaf found in virtually all vascular plants except lycophytes that contain multiple vascular strands. |
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| largest, most diverse group of seedless, vascular plants. |
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Definition
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Term
| Azolla is basically a(n).... |
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Definition
| aquatic fern. symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria. helps fix nitrogen. |
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| fern sporophytes consist of.... |
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Definition
a rhizome that bears a frond (leaf)
and true roots. |
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Term
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Definition
| phylum of seedless vascular plants (club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts) |
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Definition
| production of one type of n spore that gives rise to a bisexual gametophyte |
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Definition
production of two types of n spores (micro and mega spores)
found in spike mosses, quillworts and some ferns. |
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Definition
| n spore in heterosporous plants that gives rise to a male gametophyte that produces sperm cells within antheridia. |
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Definition
| the n spore in heterosporous plants that gives rise to a female gametophyte that produces eggs within archegonia |
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Definition
"naked seed"
conifers are largest division |
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Term
| characteristics of gymnosperm |
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Definition
1. thick cuticle
2. recessed stomata
3. long, thin leaves (needles) |
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Definition
| single cell with minimal food reserves to sustain the plant that develops from a germinating spore |
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| _____ are reproductively superior to _______ |
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Definition
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Definition
| a reproductive body consisting of a young, multicellular plant and food reserves, enclosed by a seed coat. |
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Definition
| protection, nourishment, dormancy |
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Definition
| woody trees and shrubs with needlelike, mostly evergreen, leaves, and seeds in cones. |
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Definition
| palm or fern like in appearance. pollen and seeds in conelike structures, relatively fer living members. |
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Definition
ginkgo biloba is the only surviving species.
deciduous.
females produce fleshy seeds directly on branches. |
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Definition
share traits with angiosperms
more efficient water-conducting cells in xylem |
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Definition
increases length
occurs at apical meristem |
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Definition
increases girth
occurs at lateral meristem. |
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Definition
| having male and female reproductive parts in separate flowers or cones on the same plant |
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Definition
| having male and female reproductive structures on separate plants |
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Definition
| traditional name for flowering plants |
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Term
| gymnosperms, like angiosperms |
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Definition
| flowering plants have vascular tissues and produce seeds |
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Term
| in angiosperms the ovules are enclosed with .... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| structure in the ovary that contains a female gametophyte and develops into a seed after fertilization. |
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Definition
| base of a carpel or fused carpels that contains ovules and develops into a fruit after fertilization. |
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Term
| alternation of generations in flowering plants |
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Definition
sporophyte generation is larger and nutritionally independent.
and gametophyte generations is reduced to only a few microscopic cells. |
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Term
| define double fertilization |
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Definition
process in the flowering plant life cycle in which there are two fertilizers
one results in formation of zygote
second results in formation of endosperm |
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Term
| steps after pollination succeeds.. |
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Definition
| pollen grain produces a pollen tube that grows down into ovary and discharges sperm near the 8-celled embryo sac |
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Term
| after double fertilization.. |
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Definition
| each ovule develops into a seed |
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Term
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Definition
| fruit, which encloses the seed(s). |
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Term
| flowering plants reproduce... |
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Definition
| sexually by forming flowers. |
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| define environmental sustainability |
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Definition
| ability of the natural environment to meet humanity's needs indefinitely without going into a decline from human-caused stresses |
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| what does HIPPO stand for |
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Definition
Habitat loss
Invasive species
Pollution
Population growth (human)
Over consumption |
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| true or false: elimination of a species only counts as extinction if the elimination is global. |
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Definition
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| define: endangered species |
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Definition
| species whose numbers are so severely reduced that it is in imminent danger of extinction throughout all or part of its range. |
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Definition
| localized, native species that are not found anywhere else in the world. |
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| true or false: many endangered and threatened species are endemic species. |
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| i don't feel like doing flash cards for global warming, so just know about it generally |
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| lol including the greenhouse gases |
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