Hyoscine

Made by Atropa belladonna/Datura stramonium.

Antagonist at mAChR.

Peripheral: sweating, dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia

CNS: loss of balance, hallucinations, convulsions, loss of memory

Motion sickness, truth drug

Cytisine

Laburnum

Agonist at ganglionic nAChR and CNS subtypes

Convulsions, diarrhea, tachycardia, coma

Tubocurarine

Strychnos toxifera

Antagonist at muscle nAChR

Flaccid paralysis, respiratory failure

Galantamine

Snowdrops/daffodils

cholinesterase inhibitor

Neuromuscular block, loss of bladder and bowel control, seizures, coma, death by asphyxiation

Alzheimer's

Nicotine

Tobacco

Agonist at nAChR in autonomic ganglia

Green tobacco sickness

Pleasurable/addictive qualities at lower doses

Huperzine A

Chinese firmoss

cholinesterase inhibitor

Neuromuscular block, seizures, loss of bladder and bowel control, coma, death by asphyxiation

Alzheimer's

Atropine

Atropa belladonna/Datura stramonium

antagonist at mAChR

sweating, dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, hallucinations, convulsions, dizziness, loss of memory

Induces pupil dilation (cosmetic and opthalmic), bradycardia, reduces R.T. secretions, sweating

Physostigmine

Calabar bean

cholinesterase inhibitor

Neuromuscular block, seizures, loss of bladder and bowel control, coma, death by asphyxiation

Alzheimer's, MG, glaucoma (consriction of ciliary muscle leads to better drainage of aqueous humour)

Epibatidine

Phantasmal frog

agonist at neural nAChR

α-cobratoxin

Naja naja

antagonist at NMJ nAChR

flaccid paralysis, death due to asphyxia

cobras immune due to glycosylation which allows small ACh to bind but not large α-cobratoxin

Dendrodotoxins

Mamba

K⁺ channels and mAChRs

Botulinum toxin

Clostridium botulinum

Proteases cleave SNARE proteins, preventing ACh release at the NMJ

Paralysis, death

Botox

Conotoxins

Conotoxins

Cone snails

nicotinic receptors (α), Ca²⁺ channels (ω)