Term
|
Definition
| Usually replaces the epidermis as the secondary protective tissue. Includes phellogen, phellem and pelloderm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outermost section of the periderm, also known as cork. Functions in protection. Is impervious to water and gasses, and is resistant to oil. Contains prismatic cork cells elongated vertically, radially or tangentially. Lacks intercellular spaces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sometimes originates from the epidermis, commonly occurs during the first year of growth. May be retained for life, for many years, or may be replaced within just a few years. Functions in protection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of the periderm, found between the phellem and the phelloderm. Functions in the production from cork. Has only one form of cell, occurs as a continuous tangential layer, and has initials that are rectangular or polygonal in shape. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forms externally of the loose filling tissue.Holds the filling tissue in place. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Periderms arise at successively greater depths causing the accumulation of dead tissue on the surface. Contains dead tissue layers and no longer growing periderms. It is the outermost layer of the tree. Functions in protection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains 20 or more layers of tissues. Has alternating layers of suberized cells and nonsuberized cells. Has the dead outermost layers and the living inner layers. Functions in protection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fill the lenticels. Are composed of suberized or non-suberized cells (depending on the type of lenticel) that are more or less compactly arranged. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Often form to replace the first periderm. May not happen at all. Function in protection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located just externally of the cortex and internally from the phellogen, is part of the periderm. Functions in protection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Functions to allow gas exchange between the atmosphere and the internal tissues, bypassing the periderm. Begins during the formation of the first periderm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consits of the taproot and its lateral roots. Penetrates deeply into the soil. Has root hairs which funtion in water absorbtion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consists of compactly arranged nonliving cells with secondary walls. Functions possibly in the absorbtion, protection, and reduction of water loss. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in the vascular cylinder, xylem that has 4 ridges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maturation of the root primary xylem. Occur centripetally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in the vascular cylinder, xylem that has 2 ridges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in the vascular cylinder, xylem that has 3 ridges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is derived from the procambium. Is commonly one layer but may be multiseriate. Gives rise to lateral roots, part of the vascular cambium, and phellogen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The innermost layer of the cortex. Contains the casparian strip. Helps regulate the movement of ions, hormones and water in and our of the vascular system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in the vascular cylinder, xylem that has MORE than 4 ridges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One or several layers beneath the epidermis that functions in protection. Has exodermal cells that commonly have a suberin lamella covered by a cellulose wall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains a bandlike thick primary wall region around the cell within the radial and transverse walls. Affects the transport of soil solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arise at the periphery of the vascular cylinder. Commonly originate in the pericycle. Function in nutrient and water uptake. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Composed of adventitious roots, which cover a large ground area beneath the soil surface. Functions in water and nutrient uptake. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in the Vascular cambium between the primary xylem and the primary phloem in the beginning. Function in cell division. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formed by Anamolous secondary cambia. Produce storage parenchyma cells around individual vessels or vessel groups into cambia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually occur between different trees of the same species. The roots become unified through secondary growth. After unification the trees are able to share resources however they also are more susceptible to pathogen spread. |
|
|
Term
| Anomalous secondary growth |
|
Definition
| Irregular secondary growth which occurs in many different fashions such as creating more secondary phloem than xylem or creating multiple vascular cylinders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most commonly found in dicots the leaf has a large midvein from which other veins emerge and successively thinner veins diverge from them main veins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Characteristic in monocot leaves, veins of relatively uniform size are oriented nearly longitudinally and than converge near the leaf apex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formed by ultimate branches in reticulate venation, forms meshes delimiting small areas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Has a structural specialization as a photosynthetic organ. May be either a simple or a compound leaf. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Palisade tissue on both sides of the leaf. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interconnect parallel(longitudinal) veins by transverse much smaller veins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Palisade parenchyma on the upper side and spongy parenchyma on the lower side. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surround the vascular tissue in a vein. Act as the endodermis of the leaf. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connect the bundle sheaths with the epidermis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Need to store water to survive. Have high ratios of volume to surface, a thick mesophyll predominantly of palisade tissue, a small volume of intercellular spaces, sclerenchyma cells in many species, water storage tissue in some species. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can be either bifacial or unifacial leaf. Have a specialized epidermis where differentiated mesophyll is found close to the upper epidermis. Are usually thin and have thin cuticles as well as raised stomata, and large intercellular spaces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Have structural features between xeromorphic and hydromorphic leaves such as midsized intercellular spaces, surface stomata, and average thickness epidermis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surrounds the vascular bundle and contain parenchyma and tracheids. Functions in transport of materials between the vascular bundles and the mesophyll. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A layer of cells found beneath the epidermis. Functions in protection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of the epidermis. Function in protection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common in xeric grasses. Are enlarged epidermal cells with thin anticlinal walls. Enable the leaf blade to fold or roll by losing water. Also store water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of the epidermis. Function in protection. |
|
|
