Term
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Definition
| Fragments being transported |
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Term
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Definition
a.sediments are being deposited
b. diagenesis-the accumulation compaction cementation |
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Term
| accumulation(where there deposited) |
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Definition
a.oceans
b.lakes
c.deltas
d.shoreline
e.glaciers
f.deserts(wind)
g.riverbed
h.mudslides |
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Term
| comapaction and cementation |
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Definition
a.calcite
b.CaCo3
c.quartz
d.SiO2
1. these form layers, beds, and strata, sorting melting process glaciers do not form sorting because it drops everything when melting also landslides do not sort materials. |
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Term
Clastic vs. non-clastic
Clastic |
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Definition
| sediments are made out of fragments you can see it with the naked eye |
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Term
Clastic vs. non-clastic
non-clastic |
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Definition
a.rocks that crystalize in water
b.chemical or biochemical precipitate
c.biochemeical means an animal is involved
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Term
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Definition
__________
B__________
A__________
graded bedding sorted large to small vertically and horizontally |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs do to currents but mainly waves maken layers between horizontal layers |
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Term
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Definition
≈
caused by waves and currents. sediments that represent how the waves pushed them to the shore line
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Term
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Definition
a.shallow water
b.wet sediments-shrink
c. cracks remain as part of te rock
d. water deposits between these cracks tells us it was a shallow water enviroment |
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Term
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Definition
a.remains of a once living organsim
b.body parts or evidence of it's activity has to be atleast 1,000 years old
c.not only the animal parts buts its activity
coprolite-fossilzed feces (most sought sought after fossil)
1.very revealing of life on earth
2.used to determine age history of earth
3. 99.9% percent of fossils are sedimentary |
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Term
dark black sedimentary rocks means it has alot of organic content.
black=organic
light red =alot of iron |
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Definition
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Term
Geologic Cycle/geo principles
-important in the history of the earth |
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Definition
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Term
| James Hatton(scottish farmer) |
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Definition
a. Things come up from the ocean they come to the form and then erode back down.
b. a cycle |
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Term
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Definition
a.everything on the earth is cycling
b. Rocks-->sediments-->sediments |
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Term
6 Principles
Uniformitarinism |
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Definition
a. the present is the key to the past.
b.all processes that are on the earth today have existed and acted the same way in the past |
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Term
6 Principles
Orginal Horizonatality |
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Definition
| a. when sedimentary rocks form and are undisturbed expects them to be horizontal |
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Term
6 Principles
Superposition |
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Definition
a. the one on the bottom and is undisturbed is the oldest the top is the youngest
__________
D__________
C__________
B__________
A__________ |
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Term
6 Principles
Cross-Cutting Relationships |
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Definition
a. intrusion into something tells us about age
b. if it cross cuts it's younger because it intrudes something that is already there
____________
D____________
C____________
B____________
A____________ |
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Term
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Definition
a. the inclusions represents an older source
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________ |
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Term
6 Principles
Igneous/Sedimentary
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Definition
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
a. if its an igneous intrusive (plutons)it's a sill
b. Volcanic (E) is younger because it has to be there to cover the lave than D
c. F is the youngest |
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Term
6 Principles
Igneous/Sedimentary
Extrusive(Volcanic) |
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Definition
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Term
6 Principles
Igneous/Sedimentary
Intrusive(plutonic)
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Definition
| a. instrudes in the surface inside the earth |
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Term
Mafic rock= Gabbro
Ultra Mafic=Perodite |
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Definition
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Term
| ways we know whats inside the earth |
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Definition
evidence
1.eruptions
2.erosion
3.12km (drilling)
4.seismic waves(earthquakes waves) |
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Term
| ways we know whatsinside the earth |
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Definition
1. certain constant change
2.5000 degrees C center of the earth
3.density 18km in center
4,000,000 in the center
5.volcanis erruption is evidence of what is in the center of the earth
6.erosion
7.drill a hole
8.maxium density to drill is 12km
9. Granite is uner the continents and Basalt is under the ocean |
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Term
| in the outer core heat wins over pressure and makes things liqu |
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Definition
| in the inner core pressure wins over heat and makes things solid |
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Term
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Definition
1.crust
2.mantle
3.outter core-liquid
4. inner core-solid |
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Term
Geological Time
Relative Time |
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Definition
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Term
Principle Cont.
Unconformity |
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Definition
a.reps erosion not deposition, abscence of deposition
b. tells about the depth of the ocean
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Term
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Definition
a. tells us about time, there was an interruption
b.tells us depthbetween limestone and sandstone the water becomes less, the amount of what decreases, its exposed and becomes shallow.
b. deep shallow
c. conglomerate shallow depth
d. limestone deepest |
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Term
unconfomrity can be divided in 3 types
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Definition
1.angular
2.discomformity
3.non-conformity |
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Term
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Definition
1. layers deposited
2.metamorphic
3.exposure
4.depostition |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Transgression/regression conformity |
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Definition
a. sea level rising and falling
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Term
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Definition
a. the sea invades the land
Two causes: glacieation and plate movement
1.when glaciers melt
2.land elevates |
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Term
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Definition
a. the sea level drops
1.when glaciers form
2.land goes down |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
William Smith (Engineer)
discovered radio activity |
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Definition
a. recognized that each layer contained distinctive fossilsvertically
b.fossilis change through time correlation
1.age equivilance through fossils |
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Term
-certain isotopes spontaneously decay by themeselves giving out paricles by omitting alpha, betta, and gamma waves and becoming stable
-they are stable because they are decaying themselves |
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Definition
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