Term
| causative agent of cholera |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the scientist that discovered the causative agent of cholera? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. The parasite occurs in every case of the disease
2. It does not occur in any other disease
3. After isolation and repeated growth in pure culture, the parasite is able to produce the same disease when introduced to a healthy animal |
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Term
| What is the cause of diarrhea in people with cholera? |
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Definition
| a toxin that affects adenyl cyclase of the gut cells, producing secretory diarrhea |
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Term
| Why must vibrio cholerae host two viruses to cause cholera? |
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Definition
| one virus has the gene coding for the toxin; the other has gene coding for receptor that allows the toxin coding virus to enter the bacteria. |
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Term
| What is treatment for cholera? |
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Definition
| rehydration and IV solutions |
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Term
| What happened with smallpox in 1763? |
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Definition
| Colonel Henry Bouquet used smallpox infected blankets as germ warfare against the Indians |
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Term
| What is the causative agent of smallpox? |
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Definition
| Virus, variola major/minor |
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Term
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Definition
| deadlier, kills 25% of victims |
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Term
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Definition
| milder than major, fatality rate of 2% |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique in which secretions from an infected person would be inoculated into someone else to protect them from infection |
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Term
| Who developed the first smallpox vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was it possible to eradicate smallpox? |
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Definition
| There are no animal reservoirs, and the vaccine is easily administered |
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Term
| What is the causative agent of syphilis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the stages of syphilis? |
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Definition
| Primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary |
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Term
| drug of choice to treat syphilis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Enlarged lymph glands caused by tuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
| TB of the spine, causes hunchback |
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Term
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Definition
| bacilli bacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Term
| how can one catch pulmonary TB? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is infection through eating or drinking inefficient with TB? |
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Definition
| The bacteria rarely survive stomach acid |
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Term
| How can the TB bacteria live within the macrophage without being killed? |
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Definition
| The cells have a waxy-lipid cell wall |
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Term
| Why can antibodies not reach the TB bacteria? |
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Definition
| They remain hidden in the macrophage |
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Term
| What is the mode of action of streptomycin in treating TB? |
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Definition
| It inhibits the waxy cell wall of the bacteria |
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Term
| Why is the BCG vaccine for TB not used in the US? |
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Definition
| The BCG produces a positive skin test |
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Term
| What is the difference between innate and adaptive immune response? |
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Definition
| First line of defense vs what happens if that doesn't work |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized cells that engulf and digest microbes and cellular debris |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that degrades peptidoglycan (tears, blood, saliva) |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane proteins to which signal molecules bind |
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Term
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Definition
| bind to surface receptors, regulate cell function |
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Term
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Definition
| cytokine class that control viral infections |
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Term
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Definition
| most abundant and important of innate response |
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Term
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Definition
| involved in allergic reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| important in expelling parasitic worms |
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Term
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Definition
| involved in adaptive immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| present in all tissues, engulf and digest found materials |
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Term
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Definition
| allow cells to "see" molecules signifying microbes outside the cell |
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