Term
| the major role of the ? is to permit the exchange of oxygenated maternal blood with deoxygentaed fetal blood |
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Definition
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Term
| maternal vessels coursing anterior/posterior to the placental circulate blood into the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| blood from the fetus reaches the placenta through the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the transformation of endometrial cells into ? and ? cells characterize the decidual reaction |
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Definition
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Term
| what constitute the fetal membrane |
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Definition
| chorion, amnion, yolk sac, and allantois |
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Term
| implantation of the blastocyte occurs 6 to 7 days after ovulation/fertilization |
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Definition
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Term
| the maternal portion, the ?, formed by the endometrial surface |
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Definition
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Term
| the fetal portion, which develops from the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the fetal chorion is the fusion of ? and ? |
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Definition
| trophoblast and extraembryonic mesenchyme |
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Term
| syncytiotrophoblast is the ? layer of the trophoblast and the cytotrophoblast is the ? layer of the trophoblast |
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Definition
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Term
| major functioning unit of the placenta is the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| within the ? are the intervillus spaces |
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Definition
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Term
| the maternal blood enters by the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the chorionic villi is related to the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the maternal surface of the placenta, which lies continuous with the ? is termed ? |
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Definition
decidua basalis
basal plate |
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Term
| the fetal surface, which is continuous with the surrounding ? is termed ? |
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Definition
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Term
| before birth the fetal membranes and placenta perform ? |
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Definition
| protection, nutrition, respiration, excretions |
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Term
| the decidual reaction that occurs between the blastocyte and myometrium |
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Definition
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Term
| the decidual reaction occurring over the blastocyte closest to the endometrial cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| a reaction changes in the endometrium opposite the site of implantation |
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Definition
| decidua vera (parietalis) |
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Term
| the fetal triphoblastic tissue that together with the decidua forms the area for ? |
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Definition
| maternal and fetal circulation |
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Term
| the chorion around the gestational sac on the opposite side of implantation |
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Definition
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Term
| the fetal surface of the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| the maternal surface of the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| the uterine arteries are also called the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| oxygenated maternal blood is brought to the placenta through the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| embryo favors an env't high/low in oxygen in the first trimester |
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Definition
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Term
| insertion of the umbilical cord at the margin (side)of the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| refers to a membranous insertion of the umbilical cord |
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Definition
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Term
| the yolk sac lies between what two structures |
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Definition
| btw the amnion and the chorion |
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Term
| condition where the placenta implants low into the lower uterine segment |
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Definition
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Term
| the chorion originates from ? cells |
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Definition
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Term
| when does the amnion dev'p? |
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Definition
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Term
| by ? week, the amnion fuses with the chorion |
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Definition
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Term
| most of the amniotic fluid comes from ? |
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Definition
| maternal blood by diffusion |
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Term
| the amniotic fluid does what early in prego |
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Definition
| gives baby room to dev'p and regulates body temp |
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Term
| in what trimester does the fetus start excreting urine into the sac to fill the amniotic cavity |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ? are the functional endocrine units of the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| the inner layer off the chorionic villi is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| the outer layer of the chorionic villi is termed the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the inner layer (cytotrophoblast) produces what? |
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Definition
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Term
| the outer layer (syncytiotrophoblast) produces? |
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Definition
| hCG and human placental lactogen (hPL), sex steroids (estrogen and progesterone) |
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Term
| after the ? week, most of the progesterone is produced |
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Definition
|
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Term
| progesterone production is a maternal/fetal placental interaction |
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Definition
|
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Term
| does the fetus contribute to the progesterone production |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| does placental estrogen require the fetus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| is maternal help needed for placental estrogen |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of hCG |
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Definition
| to maintain the corpus luteum in early prego |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ? is responsible for the production of lipolysis and an antiinsulin action -- direct nutrients to the fetus |
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Definition
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Term
| the umbilical cord forms during the first ? weeks |
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Definition
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Term
| cord is surrounded by mucoid connective tissue called ? |
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Definition
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Term
| does the intestines grow at a faster/slower rate than the abdomen |
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Definition
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Term
| the maternal/fetal surface of the placenta is represented by the echogenic chorionic plate |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the maternal portion of the uterus = |
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Definition
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Term
| ? lies at the junction of themyometrium and the substance of the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| if the fetus is greater than 23 weeks the diameter of the placenta is less than ?-? cm |
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Definition
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Term
| the placenta corresponds to gestational age and therefore the placenta rareely exceeds ?-? cm |
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Definition
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|
Term
| venous lakes appear after ? weeks |
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Definition
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Term
| the ? is a thin, hypoechoic layer posterior the the basilar vein |
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Definition
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|
Term
| normal contractions of the uterus |
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Definition
| braxton hicks contractions |
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Term
| a placenta previa shouldn't be diagnosed before ? weeks |
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Definition
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Term
| additional placental lobes are joined to the main placenta by blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| spiral arteries produce a high/low resistive doppler waveform |
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Definition
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Term
| normal placenta = ?-? cm and ?g, is ? in shape, and |
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Definition
| 15-20 cm, 600g, discoid, 4 |
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Term
| ? is a protein found thoughout the placenta -- most pronounced in the floor of the placenta |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what does fibrin do for the fetus |
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Definition
| increase mechanical stability |
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|
Term
| how does fibrin deposits look sonographically |
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Definition
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|
Term
| are venous lakes vascular/avascular |
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Definition
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Term
| where the placenta is enlarged weighing more than 600 g |
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Definition
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Term
| with placentomegaly, the placenta measures >?cm |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the main causes of placentomegaly |
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Definition
| maternal diabetes and Rh incompatibility |
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|
Term
| does a marginal previacover the external cervical os |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| large fetal vessels run in the fetal membranes across the cervical os |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two most common occurrences of vasa previa |
|
Definition
1. velamentous insertion
2. succenturiate lobe |
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|
Term
| abnormal adherence of all or part of the plaacenta with partial or complete absence of the decidua basalis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the further extension of the placenta through the myometrium |
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Definition
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|
Term
| penetration of the uterine completely through the myometrium |
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Definition
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Term
| what placental condition occurs from underdev'ped decidualization of the endometrium |
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Definition
| placenta increta and placenta percreta |
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|
Term
| there is a high mortality and morbidity rate associtaed with placenta ?/? |
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Definition
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Term
| presence of one or more accessory lobes connected to the body of the placenta by blood vessels |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the ? placentas have a tendency to dev'p infarcts and necrosis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| can succcenturiate placentas cause a placenta previa |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ? is the attachment of the placental membranes to the fetal surface of the placenta rather than to the underlying villous placental margin |
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Definition
| circumvallate/circummarginate placenta |
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|
Term
| ? is diagnosed when the placental margin is folded, thickened, or elevated with underlying fibrin and hemorrhage |
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Definition
| curcumvallate/circummarginate placenta |
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|
Term
| acute placental hemorrhage is sonographically ? on ultrasound |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| chronic placental hemorrhage sonographically is ? on ultrasound |
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Definition
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|
Term
| separation of a normally implanted placenta before term delivery |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| with an abrupti placenta, where does the bleed occur? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| abruptio placenta accounts for ?-? of fetal deaths |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| with placental abruption, where does the bleeding occur |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is common to the mother with a severe placental abruption |
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Definition
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|
Term
| retroplacental abruption results from rupture of spiral a and is considered a ? pressure bleed |
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Definition
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|
Term
| marginal abruption results from tears of the marginal veins and is considered a ? pressure bleed |
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Definition
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|
Term
| marginal abruption is associated with ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| retroplacental abruption is associated with ? |
|
Definition
| hypertension/vascular disease |
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|
Term
| 1/3 of patients will experience a ? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| intervillous thrombus is caused by ? |
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Definition
| intraplacental hemorrhage |
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|
Term
| sonolucencies are seen within the homogeneous texture of the placenta |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| focal discrete lesion caused by ischemic necrosis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| are placental infarcts common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| placental infarcts are ? in acute stage |
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Definition
| hypoechoic -- calcify later |
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|
Term
| gestational trophoblastic disease is also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extreme nausea, vomiting (from elevated hCG), vaginal bleeding, uterine size larger than dates, preeclampsia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bilateral ? cysts are seen with molar pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a ? mole carries little malignant potential |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| a complete mole carries a ? malignant potential |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a partial mole, the amniotic fluid is high/low and the placenta is thick/thin with intraplacental cystic spaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| benign tumor of the placenta |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is second to trophoblastic disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common tumor of the placenta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the complications of chorioangioma |
|
Definition
| poly, AFP increased, premature labor |
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|
Term
| what is a mass that protrudes from the fetal surface of the placenta that is located near the umbilical cord insertion |
|
Definition
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|
