Term
| There are 6 hormones released by the Anterior Pituitary. What are they and their general abbreviations? |
|
Definition
Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormones (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
|
|
Term
| Growth Hormone as 2 abbreviations and another name (with its own abbreviation). What are they? |
|
Definition
| GH, hGH, & Somatotrophin (STH) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 functions of growth hormone? |
|
Definition
+ Causes the growth of all the body tissue
+ Stimulates lipolysis-fat utilization for energy
+ Inhibits actions of insulin on carbohydrate |
|
|
Term
| What happens when you have higher concentrations of Growth Hormone (GH, hGH, STH) and what is the specific term for it? Like when individuals use steroids. |
|
Definition
| + High concentrations can cause breast development (Gynecomastia) |
|
|
Term
| What is the abbreviation of Prolactin and what is it also known as (provide that abbreviation also)? |
|
Definition
| PRL & Luteotrophic Hormone (LTH) |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Prolactin? |
|
Definition
| It's in pregnant females and females who currently breast feed. It will stimulate the development of the mammary glands as well as stimulate milk production. Not milk release; that's oxytocin. |
|
|
Term
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is also known as what (provide abb. also)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) main function? How is it different from males to females? |
|
Definition
It's the most potent hormone to stimulate gametogenesis.
In females, it causes ova development and aids in ovulation.
In males, it causes sperm production. |
|
|
Term
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is also known as what? |
|
Definition
| Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) |
|
|
Term
| What is its main function, and how is it different from males to females? |
|
Definition
Stimulates gonads to produce sex hormones.
Males: it stimulates interstitial cell to produce testosterone
Females: stimulates maturation of follicle, rupture of follicle, & development or corpus luteum |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is also known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 ish functions of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)? |
|
Definition
+ Stimulates development and maintenance of Thyroid Gland
+ Causes the thyroid to secret THyroxines
+ Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete hormones Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 ish functions of Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)? |
|
Definition
+ Development and maintenance of Adrenal Gland.
+ Stimulates secretion of Adrenal Cortex hormones
+ Stimulates secretion of Cortisol |
|
|
Term
| What are Oxytocin's (OT) 4 functions? |
|
Definition
+ Stimulates milk release
+ Parturition: expulsion of fetus by contraction of myometrium (muscular wall of uterus)
+ Shrinks the uterus post-parturition
+ Causes uterine contractions to help move sperm during intercourse when one orgasms |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 hormones released by the Posterior Pituitary and their abbreviations? |
|
Definition
Oxytocin (OT)
Vasopressin or Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 ish functions of the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin? |
|
Definition
+ It causes retention of water by the kidneys before it turns into urine, and therefore keeps blood pressure up
+ Contractor of smooth muscles, like if you are hemorrhaging out blood, this hormone will squeeze off those blood vessels to keep your blood pressure up. |
|
|
Term
| There are 6 Experimental approaches used in endocrinology research. What are they? |
|
Definition
•Surgical approach.
•Parabiosys approach.
•Immunological approach such as immunolocalozation and radioimmunoassay.
•Ligand-receptor binding.
•Bioassay
•Gene manipulation (molecular biology) |
|
|
Term
| What is an examples of a surgical experiment, incidentally the first endocrine experiment? Explain the experiment and define the concept. |
|
Definition
Berthold's experiment on castrated roosters. When both testes were removed, the roosters had small combs and wattles, no interest in hens, a weak crow, and listless fight behavior. When one testis was castrated and reimplanted, normal male development ensued which included:
Normal comb & Wattles
Interest in Hens
Normal Crow
Aggressive fight behavior
& larger testis than in controls; this is because one testis needed to do additional work to compensate for the missing testis. This is known as the concept of compensatory hypertrophy. The 3rd experimental group included one testis castrated and implanted into another. There were the same results as the second experimental group.
Berthold established that transplanted testes (that established a blood connection) became once again functional. |
|
|
Term
| Share an example of a Parabiosis experiment. First define parabiosis. |
|
Definition
| Parabiosis is surgically achieved shared circulation. Happened when two mice were surgically joined together and a pair of ovaries? was removed. Parabiosis was then accompanied by compensatory organ hypertorphy, so the ovaries were larger to compensate for the increased workload. |
|
|
