Term
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Definition
Origin: Superior ramus of Pubis
Insertion: Pectineal Line of femur (Located inferior to lesser trochanter)
Peripheral Innervation: Femoral n. & Accessory Obturator n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Adduct and Flex Thigh; *assists with internal rotation of thigh |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse processes of Lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of Femur
Peripheral Innervation: Anterior Rami of Lumbar Nerves L1, L2, L3
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Flexes thigh @ hip & stabilizes hip |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Iliac Crest, Iliac Fossa, *Ala of Sacrum, *Anterior Sacroiliac ligaments
Insertion: Tendon of Psoas Major, Lesser Trochanter & Femur distal to it
Peripheral Innervation: Femoral n.
Segmental Innervation: L2, L3
Action: Flexes thigh @ hip joint & stabilizes hip |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Sides of T12-L1 vertebrae & discs
Insertion: Pectineal Line, Iliopectineal eminence VIA iliopectineal arch
Peripheral Innervation: Anterior Rami of Lumbar Nerve L1
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Flexes thigh @ hip joint & stabilizes hip |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: ASIS & Superior part of notch inferior to ASIS
Insertion: Pes Anserinus (Superior part of medial Tibia)
Peripheral Innervation: Femoral
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: (Hip) Flexes, abducts & externally rotates thigh; (Knee) Flexion & internal rotation of leg when knee is flexed
*Note: Crosses 2 joints-- hip & knee (ASIS to Pes Anserinus) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: AIIS & Ilium Superior to Acetabulum
Insertion: via quadriceps tendon to base (superior border) of patella; Patellar ligament (or tendon) to tibial tuberosity
Peripheral Innervation: Femoral n.
Segmental Innervation: L2, L3, L4
Action: Extend leg @ knee joint; steadies hip & assists Iliopsoas in hip flexion
*Note: Crosses 2 joints-- hip & knee (AIIS to tibial tuberosity) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Greater Trochanter & Lateral lip of Linea Aspera
Insertion: Via quadriceps tendon to base (superior border) of patella; Patellar Lig/Tendon to Tibial Tuberosity-- *(To tibia & patella via lateral patellar retinacula)
Peripheral Innervation: Femoral n.
Segmental Innervation: L2, L3, L4
Action: Extend Leg @ Knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Intertrochanteric LINE (anterior side of femur-- not intertrochanteric crest which is posterior) & Medial Lip of Linea Aspera
Insertion: Quadriceps tendon via medial patellar retinaculum; Base of patella via quadriceps tendon; tibial tuberosity via patellar lig/tendon
Peripheral Innervation: Femoral n.
Segmental Innervation: L2, L3, L4
Action: Extend Leg @ Knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Anterior & lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
Insertion: Base of patella via quadriceps tendon; tibial tuberosity via patellar lig/tendon
Peripheral Innervation: Femoral n.
Segmental Innervation: L2, L3, L4
Action: Extend Leg @ Knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Anterior Inferior Surface of Shaft of femur
Insertion: Synovial membrane of the knee joint; wall of suprapetallar bursa
Peripheral Innervation: Femoral n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Pulls synovial membrane superiorly DURING EXTENSION to prevent folds of the membrane from being compressed inside the joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Body of pubis (just inferior to pubic crest)
Insertion: Middle 1/3 of linea aspera
Peripheral Innervation: Obturator n.(anterior branch)
Segmental Innervation: L2, L3, L4
Action: Adducts Thigh @ hip |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: *Pectineal Line & Proximal linea aspera
Peripheral Innervation: Obturator n. (anterior branch)
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Adducts thigh @ hip, flexes thigh to some extent |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: (Adductor part)-- ischiopubic ramus; (Hamstring part)-- ischial tuberosity
Insertion: (Adductor part)-- Gluteal tuberosity, Linea aspera, medial supracondylar line; (Hamstring part)-- adductor tubercle
Peripheral Innervation: (Adductor part)-- Obturator n. (posterior branch); (Hamstring part)-- Tibial n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: (Adductor part)-- Adduct & flexes thigh @ hip; (Hamstring part)-- extends thigh @ hip |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Body & inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Pes Anserinus (Superior part of medial tibia)
Peripheral Innervation: Obturator n. (anterior branch)
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Adducts & helps internally rotate thigh @ hip, flexes leg @ knee, |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Obturator membrane & parts of obturator foramen
Insertion: *Trochanteric fossa (on posterior side of femur)
Peripheral Innervation: Obturator n. (posterior branch)
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: *Externally rotate thigh @ hip, stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones of obturator foramen (ischium, pubis, etc)
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa
Peripheral Innervation: N. to Obturator Internus
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Externally rotate extended thigh @ hip, abduct flexed thigh @ hip; stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Ischial Spine
Insertion: Trochanteric Fossa
Peripheral Innervation: N. to Obturator Internus
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Externally rotate extended thigh & abduct flexed thigh @ hip, stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Ischial Spine
Insertion: Trochanteric Fossa
Peripheral Innervation: N. to Quadratus Femoris
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Externally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh @ hip, stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Quadrate tubercle (on intertrochanteric crest & area inferior to it)
Peripheral Innervation: N. to Quadratus Femoris
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Externally rotates thigh, steadies head of femur in acetabulum |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Superior border of greater trochanter
Peripheral Innervation: N. to Piriformis
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Externally rotate extended thigh & abduct flexed thigh @ hip, stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; Dorsal surface of sacrum & coccyx; Sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Iliotibial tract & gluteal tuberosity
Peripheral Innervation: Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Segmental Innervation: L5, S1, S2
Action: Extend thigh & assists in external rotation; Stabilizes thigh & assists in rising from sitting |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior & posterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter
Peripheral Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve
Segmental Innervation: L4, L5, S1
Action: Abducts & medially rotates thigh @ hip; Keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing & advances opposite leg during its swing |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior & inferior gluteal lines
Insertion: Anterior surface of greater trochanter
Peripheral Innervation: Superior gluteal n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Abducts & medialy rotates thigh @ hip; keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite side during its swing |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: ASIS & Anterior part of iliac crest
Insertion: Iliotibial (IT) Tract/band to Gerdy's Tubercle of superior, antero-lateral portion of tibia
Peripheral Innervation: Superior Gluteal n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Abducts & medially rotates thigh @ hip; keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite side during its swing |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: (Long head)-- Ischial tuberosity, (Short head)-- Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line
Insertion: Lateral side of head of fibula; tendon of biceps fem is split by fibular collateral ligament
Peripheral Innervation: (Long head)-- tibial n., (Short head)-- Common peroneal n.
Segmental Innervation: L5, S1, S2
Action: |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Pes Anserinus (Medial surface of superior tibia)
Peripheral Innervation: Tibial n.
Segmental Innervation: L5, S1, S2
Action: Flexes leg & rotates medially when knee is flexed; extends thigh; Extend trunk (when thigh & leg are both flexed) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Posterior part of medial condyle of Tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal lig
Peripheral Innervation: Tibial n.
Segmental Innervation: L5, S1, S2
Action: Flex and internally rotate LEG when knee is flexed; extend thigh; extend trunk (when thigh and leg are flexed) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: (Lateral head)-- Lateral aspect of lateral femoral condyle; (Medial head)-- Popliteal surface of femur superior to medial femoral condyle
Insertion: Achilles Tendon (Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon)
Peripheral Innervation: Tibial n.
Segmental Innervation: S1, S2
Action: Plantarflexes ankle when knee extended (a.k.a. raises heel during walking); *Flexes leg @ knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Posterior aspect of the head and superior 1/4 of posterior fibula; Soleal line & middle 1/3 of the medial border of tibia; and tendinous arch extending between bony attachments
Insertion: Achilles tendon (Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon)
Peripheral Innervation: Tibial n.
Segmental Innervation: S1, S2
Action: Plantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on foot |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligament
Insertion: Achilles tendon (post surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon)
Peripheral Innervation: Tibial n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
Insertion: Posterior surface of Tibia, superior to soleal line
Peripheral Innervation: Tibial n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Weakly flexes knee & unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degrees on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lateral condyle and superior 1/2 of the lateral surface of the tibia; also, interosseus membrane
Insertion: Medial and inferior surfaces of medial 1st (medial) cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
Peripheral Innervation: Deep Peroneal Nerve
Segmental Innervation: L4, L5
Action: Dorsiflex ankle; invert foot |
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Term
| Extensor Digitorum Longus |
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Definition
Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia; superior 3/4 of medial surface of fibula; interosseus membrane
Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Peripheral Innervation: Deep Peroneal n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Extends later 4 digits (phalanges); dorsiflexes ankle |
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Term
Extensor Hallucis Longus
*Seg |
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Definition
Origin: Middle of anterior surface of fibula; interosseus membrane
Insertion: Dorsum of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Peripheral Innervation: Deep Peroneal n.
Segmental Innervation: L4, L5
Action: Extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula; interosseus membrane
Insertion: Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
Peripheral Innervation: Deep Peroneal n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Dorsiflex ankle; aids in eversion of foot |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
Insertion: Plantar base of 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform
Peripheral Innervation: Superficial Peroneal n.
Segmental Innervation: L5, S1
Action: Plantarflexes (weakly) & everts foot |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
Insertion: Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal (simplified: Styloid process of 5th metatarsal)
Peripheral Innervation: Superficial Peroneal n.
Segmental Innervation: L5, S1
Action: Plantarflexes (weakly) & everts foot |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Interosseus membrane; posterior surface of Tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fibula
Insertion: Navicular tuberosity; cuneiform; cuboid; sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2, 3 & 4th metatarsals
Peripheral Innervation: Tibial n.
Segmental Innervation: L4, L5
Action: Plantarflexes and inverts |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; by a broad tendon to fibula
Insertion: Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Peripheral Innervation: Tibial n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Flexes lateral 4 digits; plantarflexes; supports longitudinal arches of foot |
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Term
Flexor Hallucis Longus
*Seg |
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Definition
Origin: Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseus membrane
Insertion: Plantar base of distal phalanx of great toe
Peripheral Innervation: Tibial n.
Segmental Innervation: L5, S1, S2
Action: Flexes great toe at all joints; plantarflexes ankle (weakly); supports medial longitudinal arch of foot |
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Term
| Extensor Digitorum Brevis |
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Definition
Origin: Calcaneus; interosseus talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculum
Insertion: Long extensor tendons (from ext digi longus) of toes 2, 3 & 4
Peripheral Innervation: Deep Peroneal n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Aids extensor digitorum longus in extending digits 2, 3 & 4 @ the MTP joints and IP joints |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Peripheral Innervation: Medial Plantar n.
Segmental Innervation: S1, S2
Action: Abducts & flexes 1st digit |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms
Insertion: Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Peripheral Innervation: Medial Plantar n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa
Insertion: Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Peripheral Innervation: Medial Plantar n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Flexes lateral 4 digits |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Insertion: medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits
Peripheral Innervation: (1st lumbrical): Medial Plantar n.; (2-4 lumbricals): Lateral Plantar n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
Insertion: Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Peripheral Innervation: Lateral Plantar n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits |
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Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi
*Seg |
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Definition
Origin: Medial & lateral tubercles of calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Peripheral Innervation: Lateral Plantar n.
Segmental Innervation: S2, S3
Action: Abducts & flexes 5th digit |
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Term
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis |
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Definition
Origin: Base of 5th metatarsal
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Peripheral Innervation: Lateral Plantar n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: (Oblique head): base of metatarsals 2-4, (Transverse head): plantar ligaments of MTP joints
Insertion: Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Peripheral Innervation: Lateral Plantar n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Adducts 1st digit, (assists in transverse arch of foot moving metatarsals medially) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Bases of medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
Insertion: Medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3-5th digits
Peripheral Innervation: Lateral Plantar n.
Segmental Innervation: N/A
Action: Adducts digits 3-5 and flex MTP joints |
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