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takes in food, hydrolyzes macromolecules to their basic units, absorbs broken down food into the blood strem which delivers it to your tissues and organs
mouth-esophagus-small intestine-large intestine-rectum-anus
MESILIRA |
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| the two amylases, maltase, lactase |
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| pepsin, trypsin, peptidase |
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| lipsase (made by pancreas) works in SI |
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| made by salivary glands, works in mouth |
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| made by pancreas, works in small intestine |
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| made by and works in stomach |
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| made by pancreas, works in SI |
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| made by pancreas, works in SI |
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| breaks up food into smaller pieces, increase surface area-mechanical digestion |
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| slightly basic so its more slippery |
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| soft pallate pushed up to close nasal passages, trachea moves up under the epiglottis to close the glottis |
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| peristalsis, moves from mouth to stomach in 5-8 seconds |
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| why astronauts can eat and drink in space, muscle contraction that moves food through the digestive tract |
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| Lower Gastroesophageal sphincter |
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| enterence of esophagus to stomach food passes when relaxed |
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stores food and initiates the digestion of protein, very muscular- contracts to mix food-mechanical digestion, lined with glands producing HCl and pepsin (chemical digestion)
food stays 2-4 hours, |
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| attaches the upper part of the stomach to the middle of the small intestine |
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| muscular tube long but thin, nutrients absorbed into the blood, 3-5 hours |
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| first 25 cm of small intestine, where enzymes from the pancreas and liver are collected |
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| from liver, causes fat droplets to disperse in water, since the droplets are smaller, lipase can now work |
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| LI, short but thick, only contains things that can't be digested-watse, water absrobed into the blood here, bacteria further break down matter, produce vitamin B and K |
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| 18-24 hours in LI before feces reaches the rectum and leaves the anus |
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| Things needed for Fuel for our Bodies |
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| oxygen, chemicals in food |
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| Why does Stomach acid not eating through the lining? |
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mucuous lines stomach
grow new stomach lining every three days |
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| What do th eenzymes in SI do? |
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| absorb nutrients and chemicals we need for food |
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| goopy stuff that goes through the stomach |
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| secretes/makes bile, stores extra glucose, detoxifies alcohol, drugs, etc. |
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| stores blood, destroys old red blood cells |
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| secretes digestive enzymes, makes insulin |
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| last part of LI, stores waste until exit |
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| "dried up" in Greek, system of bones |
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| living tissues, grow, made of cells need O2, hard and moist- 1/3 water, minerals,blood, nerves |
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| located in the walls of blood vessels and organs |
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| "around bone" outer layer |
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| strong layer, have to cut with saw,blood vessels/nerves run through this layer |
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| spongy bone, looks like a sponge, where bone marrow is |
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| supports bones and protects them from rubbing against each other |
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| moves bones through one plane, knee |
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| move in several directions, like shoulder |
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| How Skeletal Mjuscles Work |
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| when a nerve signals a skeletal muscle to contract, calcium is released inside the muscle filaments, causing atattchments to form between myosin and actin, sliding Filament Theory |
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| states that actin filaments slide toward one another during contraction, mysosin don't move, shortens the muscle causing it to contract |
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| Muscle Strength and Exercise |
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doesn't depend on the number of fibers in the muscles, this number is fixed before birth
depends instead on the thickness of fibers and how many of them contract at one time
thicker fiber=stronger/more muscle mass
regular exercises stress muscle fibers slightly and to compensate for the added workload, the fibers increase in size |
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| Where do we have cartillage |
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| strongest bone in our skelton |
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| You're pulling your bones apart and letting an air buble get in between your joints |
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| at birth you have 350 bones, cartillage fuses together to be bones |
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| bundle of nerves running down your back, vertabrae are hollow to protect them |
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| (plus cartillage) like oil to make our joints move smoothly |
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