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Physiology
More forgotten facts
68
Physiology
Graduate
07/15/2011

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Term
What hormone is suppressed less effectively in patients with ulcers?
Definition
gastrin
Term
What regulates growth hormone synthesis?
Definition
GHRH
Term
What regulates growth hormone secretion?
Definition
somatostatin
Term
What is endostatin?
Definition
an anti-angiogenesis factor
Term
What is the effect of passive rectal distension?
Definition
increases peristaltic waves and relaxes internal anal sphincter
Term
What anesthetic agent can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Definition
Penthrane
Term
What happens to the time spent in diastole as heart rate increases?
Definition
decreases a lot
Term
What receptor is both voltage and ligand-gated?
Definition
NMDA receptor
Term
Where do carotid sinus afferents lead?
Definition
to CN IX, then to the nucleus of the solitary tract
Term
How does nitrous oxide cause an erection?
Definition
NO -> guanylate cyclase -> cGMP -> decrease in intracellular calcium -> smooth muscle relaxation
Term
What is used to test for a gastrinoma?
Definition
secretin (increases gastrin from a gastrinoma but not fromt he antrum)
Term
If the GFR is constant, what is the concentration of inulin in the urine dependent upon?
Definition
volume of urine
Term
What cells make lysozyme?
Definition
neutrophils
Term
What cells make peroxidase?
Definition
eosinophils
Term
What senses tension on a muscle?
Definition
Golgi tension organ
Term
Where is GIP made?
Definition
K cells, in response to intraluminal glucose and fatty acids
Term
What molecule is used to (approximately) measure renal blood flow?
Definition
PAH
Term
What senses slowly-adapting pressure?
Definition
Merkel disks
Term
What senses pressure and is quickly-adapting?
Definition
Pacinian corpuscles
Term
What hormone causes lower esophageal sphincter relaxation?
Definition
VIP
Term
What phase of sleep is characterized by bursts of sawtooth waves?
Definition
REM sleep
Term
From what nerve does the palmar cutaneous branch derive?
Definition
median nerve - this part doesn't pass through the carpal tunnel
Term
What two things do parietal cells secrete?
Definition
HCl, intrinsic factor
Term
What percentage of total body weight is water?
Definition
60%
Term
When does the growth of spiral arteries occur?
Definition
first 13-14 days of the menstrual cycle
Term
What does it mean if the urinary sodium concentration is less than 20mEq/L?
Definition
prerenal oliguria
Term
What does it mean if the urinary sodium concentration is greater than 40mEq/L and there is oliguria?
Definition
acute kidney injury
Term
What can inhibit the action of ADH on the collecting duct?
Definition
lithium
Term
What is in plasma that is not in serum?
Definition
fibrinogen, factor II, factor V, factor VIII
Term
Where is CCK made?
Definition
I cells of duodenum and jejunum
Term
What happens to oxygen use as blood flow to the kidney increases?
Definition
increases because increased RPF leads to increased GFR, which means more work for the kidney
Term
What reaction does ACTH stimulate?
Definition
the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone (by cholesterol desmolase)
Term
What parts of the brain get sensory information from both ears?
Definition
inferior colliculus, lateral lemniscus, medial geniculate, superior olive
Term
What steroid is made in the zona glomerulosa?
Definition
aldosterone
Term
What steroid is made in the zona fasiculata?
Definition
glucocorticoids
Term
What steroid is made in the zona reticularis?
Definition
androgens
Term
What molecule on platelets binds to vWF?
Definition
GP1b
Term
Where is acetylcholine made in the brain?
Definition
basal nucleus of Meynert, medial septum, diagonal band complex, striatum
Term
What's an average cardiac output?
Definition
5 L/min
Term
What's a normal effective renal plasma flow?
Definition
~625 mL/min
Term
What is the mean systemic filling pressure?
Definition
extent to which circulatory system is filled
Term
What does it mean for an insulator to have a larger space constant?
Definition
increased passive spread of electrical flow, which translates into a faster action potential for neurons
Term
What is the normal bone marrow myeloid:erythroid ratio?
Definition
3:1
Term
What hormone is decreased in Addison's disease?
Definition
cortisol AND aldosterone
Term
What regulates migrating myoelectric complexes in the intestines?
Definition
motilin
Term
What can directly inhibit pancreatic insulin secretion?
Definition
alpha-2 receptor agonists
Term
What are GnRH, FSH, and LH levels post-menopause?
Definition
GnRH is high, LH is high, FSH is high, estrogen is low
Term
What binds tissue factor in the extrinsic pathway?
Definition
factor VII
Term
Is adeonsine a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?
Definition
vasodilator
Term
What transporter in the proximal tubule reabsorbs phosphate?
Definition
sodium-phosphate contransporter (resorbs 80%)
Term
What cross-links fibrin to form a stronger clot?
Definition
Factor XIIIa
Term
What primarily controls ventillation rate?
Definition
CO2 acting on central chemoreceptors
Term
What type of nerve are preganglionic autonomic fibers?
Definition
B
Term
What type of nerve are postganglionic autonomic fibers?
Definition
C (unmyelinated)
Term
What disease results from a defect in the neural network of the myenteric plexus?
Definition
achalasia
Term
What two agents can be used to measure total body water?
Definition
antipyrine and tritium
Term
What hormone can increase urinary sodium excretion?
Definition
atrial natriuretic factor
Term
What hormone does ischemic renal tissue secrete a lot of?
Definition
renin
Term
What atrial wave occurs during isovolumentric relaxation?
Definition
v wave (same time as S2)
Term
What does erythropoietin stimulate?
Definition
CFU-E
Term
What is the air remaining after a passive expiration called?
Definition
functional reserve capacity
Term
What two hormones are structurally related to glucagon?
Definition
VIP, secretin
Term
Do levels of 2,3-BPG increase or decrease with decreased red blood cell glycolysis?
Definition
decrease
Term
When does crossing over occur in spermatogenesis?
Definition
during prophase I, meiosis of the primary spermatocyte
Term
What hormone peaks at the end of the follicular phase?
Definition
estrogen
Term
How do you calculate MCV?
Definition
(Hct x 10) / RBC count
Term
What happens to the absorption of urea in the collecting duct when ADH increases?
Definition
increases to maintain high concentration gradient
Term
What is a normal LVEF?
Definition
~65%
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