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Physiology
Ex 1: REVIEW GUIDE
23
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
02/14/2010

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
how do the first and second laws of thermodynamics relate to  our definition of physiology?
Definition

law: 1. you cannot create/destroy matter/energy. everything is a conversion

2. order towards disorder (entropy) and w/o putting E into system...it all falls apart.

 

physiology: study of internal, dynamic mechanisms through which an organism attains homeostasis.

 

these dynamic mechanisms CONVERT matter and E. they keep the body away from etropy or equilibrium

Term
rank in order the energy allocation among body processes in an organisms life history.
Definition
growth, tissue maintenance, reproduction, E storage
Term
in terms of biomolecules, rank the major molecule types in terms of their relative mass in a human.
Definition

proteins (most)

lipids

minerals

nucleic acids

carbohydrates

 

Term
how does lactate fermentation effect plasma pH?
Definition
each time a molecule of lactate is formed, so is am H+
Term
how are the structure of pyruvate and acetyl coA related
Definition
[image]
Term
what two molecules recieve amine groups as a result of transamination? what do they become?
Definition

oxaloacetate, and pyruvate

 

they become alanine and aspartic acid

Term
what can actyl-coA be converted into?
Definition

cholesterol-->hormones

 

ketones

 

fatty acids

 

citrate

Term
what is the breakdown of the 3 main compartments of body fluid?
Definition

intracellular/cytosolic: 63%

interstitual: 30%

blood plasma: 7%

Term
what organs produces the vast majority of body heat? (put them in order)
Definition

liver, skeletal, brain, heart

 

 

Term
what are top four organs in terms of 02 consumption
Definition
heart, kidney, brain, liver
Term

Explain how glucose transport channels of skeletal muscle differ from the glucose channels of brain and liver cells.

 

What about the glucose and small intestine relationship?

Definition

Skeletal muscles get glucose from cappilaries which send out their glucose with insulin: Cotrasport

 

Brain and liver cells get glucose from glucose transporters that are continually working during feeding

 

Glucose into small intestinal walls=sodium/glucose symport

Term
what's the change in insulin in comparison the the eating process?
Definition
high insulin levels during digestions to immediately lower blood glucose levels. (insulin stores glucose). as digestion comes to an end we see a decrease in insulin secretion.
Term
first messenger v. second messenger
Definition

first messengers come from outside a cell

 

second messengers are inside the cell already

Term
epinephrine
Definition
hormone secreted by adrenal medulla
Term
what type of feedback results from glycogenolysis?
Definition

many PKA (which would indicate a NEED to break apart glycogen) results in:

1. + feedback of glycogen phosphorylase which cuts up glycogen into glucose

2. - feedback of glycogen synthetase which makes glycogen

-feedback of the phosphorylase that make gdp->gtp

Term
permissive effect
Definition
one hormone allows another to have it's full effect.
Term
agonistic effect
Definition
two hormones have similar effect
Term
antagonistic effect
Definition
two hormones have opposite effects
Term
what does glucagon do for glycogenolysis?
Definition
glucagon is released when blood glucose levels are low. this increases the production of glycogenolysis.
Term
two types of synergistic effects and and example
Definition

permissive: one hormone enhances the effect of another

ex. cortisol enhances epinephrine and glucagon

 

complimentary: you need 2+ hormones to get something done

milk secretion needs cortisol, estradiol, oxytocin, prolactin

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