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physiology
part 1
29
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
08/29/2008

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Term
cell
Definition
basic structural and functional units of life
Term
translation
Definition
converts mRNA sequence into a string of amino acids that form a protein
Term
nuclear envelope
Definition
continuous with rough ER. surrounds nucleus.
Term
cromatin
Definition
composed of DNA and histone proteins that makes the chromosome
Term
chromosome
Definition

organized structure of DNA and protein

Term
cell life cycle
Definition
cell division is important for growth. SEE MODEL
Term
gamete
Definition
reproductive cell, haploid 1N amount of DNA
Term
interphase
Definition
G1, synthesis phase, G2
Term
G1
Definition
Centrioles
Term
Synthesis phase
Definition
DNA replicates
Term
G2
Definition
Enzymes produced
Term
Cell Division
Definition

4 phases

Term
prophase
Definition
form asters, microtubules, chromosomes, kinetichores, polar spindle
Term
metaphase
Definition
cluster of chromosomes
Term
anaphase
Definition
separation of chromosomes
Term
telephase
Definition
cell starts to divide. Own centrosome, microtubules, and chromatids.
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
cell has 2 nuclei for a short time
Term
Meiosis
Definition
division specific for sex chromosomes.  2 divisions result in 4 gametes.
Term
synapsis
Definition
pairing of 46 homologous duplicated chromosomes
Term
crossing over
Definition
long segments of DNA are exchanged
Term
alignment
Definition
46 homologous chromosomes align at metaphase plate
Term
disjunction
Definition
46 homologous duplicated chromosomes separate, but centromeres do not split.
Term
cell division
Definition
2 secondary gametocytes are formed (23 duplicated 2N)
Term
Meosis II
Definition

synapsis and crossing over are absent

Term
Meosis II alignment
Definition
23 duplicated chromosomes align at metaphase
Term
Meiosis II disjunction
Definition
duplicate chromosomes separate to form 23 single chromosomes. centromeres split
Term
Meiosis II Separation
Definition
4 gametes (23 single chromosomes, 1N) are found
Term
hypothalumus
Definition
site where temperature is regulated.  site where antidiuretic hormone is. prevents excess secretion of fluid by urine
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