Term
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Definition
Afferent/Efferent Nerves: Primary preganglionic neuron (brainstem or spinal cord); axon to synapse on postganglionic neuron
Two antagonistic subdivisions: Parasympathetic, Sympathetic |
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Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous Symstem |
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Definition
Preganglionic fibers end on short postsynaptic neurons
Vagus Nerve (CN X)(75% of nerve fibers)
First, second*, third* and fourth sacral nerves |
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Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
Preganglionic nerve fibers short
End on postsynaptic neurons with long fibers T1 - L 3,4
Pass from spinal cord into paravertebral sympathetic ganglion chains
Stellate ganglia (cranial)
Adrenal medulla |
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Term
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Definition
Acetylcholine (cholinergic)
Preganglionic fibers (para and sympathetic ns) and postganglionic parasympathetic
Norepinephrine (adrengeric)
Postganglionic sympathetic ns
Are exceptions (few blood vessels, sweat glands and piloerector Mm) |
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Term
| Neurotransmitter Receptors |
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Definition
Cholenergic
Muscarinic
Post-synaptic and effector
Nicotinic
Pre/post synaptic neurons in ANS
Adrenergic
Alpha
Beta
Dopaminergic
Receptors in adrenal gland, blood vessels, heart |
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Term
| ANS Control of Cardiovascular Phys |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pulmonary ventilation (inspiration, expiration):breathing, exchange O2 (active, exchange CO2 (passive), control blood acidity, oral communication |
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Term
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Definition
| Lung: 760 mmHg= 760 mmHg :Atmosphere |
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Term
| Lung Pressure During Inspiration |
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Definition
| Lung:758mmHg < 760mmHg:Atmosphere |
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Term
| Lung Pressure During Expiration |
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Definition
| Lung: 763mmHg > 760mmHg : Atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| Volume of air normally exhaled/inhaled per breath |
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Term
| Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) |
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Definition
| Additional volume taken in |
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Term
| Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) |
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Definition
| Additional volume let out |
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Term
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Definition
| Volume of air that remains in the lungs after a forceful expiratory effort |
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Term
| Inspiratory Capacity (IC) |
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Definition
The sum of the tidal and inspiratory reserve volumes
Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal exhalation |
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Term
| Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) |
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Definition
The sum of expiratory reserve and residual volumes
The amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal tidal exhalation
Represents the point at which the forces tneding to collapse the lungs are balances against foreces tending to expand the chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
Sum of inspiratory reserve tidal, and expiratory reseerve volumes
The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximum inhalation |
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Term
| Total Lung Capacity (TLC) |
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Definition
The maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded
Sum of all the pulmonary volumes |
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Term
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Definition
| The product of tidal volume and respiratory rate |
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Term
| Normal Pulmonary Measurements |
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Definition
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Term
| Obstructive Pulmonary Measurements |
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Definition
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Term
| Restrictive Pulmonary Measurements |
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Definition
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Term
| O2 unloads from hemoglobin with changes in: |
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Definition
Temperature
Cardbon dioxide concentration
Hydrogen ion concentration |
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Term
| Rate of unloading O2 depends on the demands of: |
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Definition
Mitochondria
Increases shift curve to right: Exercise
Decreases shift curve to left: Hyperventilation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pH changes 1 unit (6.0 to 7.0) and H+ increases: |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate buffering |
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Definition
Lungs: Blow off or hold CO2
Kidneys: Absorb or regenerate bicarbonate |
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Term
| 20:1 ratio (bicarbonate: carbonic acid) |
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Definition
Normal bicarb 24mEq/L: carbonic acid 1.2mEq/L
pH of 7.4 |
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Term
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Definition
| Body’s adjustments to pH changes |
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Term
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Definition
| Values for bicarbonate and carbonic acid return to normal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Medullary inspiratory center
Medullary expiratory center
Establish rate and depth of breathing |
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Term
| What area of the brain can override respiratory/regulatory centers? |
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Definition
| Cortex (active expiration) |
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Term
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Definition
Sensitive to changes in [H+]: Cerebrospinal fluid
BBB impermeable to H+: CO2 can diffuse( React to form H+)
Stimulates inspiratory center: Increase rate and depth,Clearance |
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Term
| Peripheral chemoreceptors |
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Definition
Sensitive to changes in:
PO2 and PCO2**
H+
Arch of aorta and bi-carotid arteries |
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Term
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Definition
Acute stretch of alveoli
Safety mechanism- decrease duration of
inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| Sense movement in skeletal muscle |
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