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–The process of receiving and representing stimuli from the environment |
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–The process of creating meaningful patterns from raw sensory information |
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| receptors(reception and transduction) and brain areas(coding). |
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| encode external stimuli as neural signals |
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| represent quality or configuration of stimulus as a pattern of neural activity |
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| the study of relationships btw the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them. |
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| analysis that begin with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's intergration of sensory information. |
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| information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations. |
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–Minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time |
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–Minimum difference between two stimuli that can be detected 50% of the time
–Changes with magnitude of stimulus (Weber’s law) |
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| The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must different by a constant minimum percentage |
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| diminishing sensitivity to a constant stimulus |
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| the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus. |
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–A person viewing a scene fails to detect apparently large changes in scene |
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–Presentation of stimuli outside of our conscious awareness |
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| is the subliminal advertising effective? |
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| is the distance from one wave peak to the next |
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| The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light: what we know as the color names blue, green and so forth |
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| the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave amplitude |
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| the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina |
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| The light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information. |
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| the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain. |
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| How accommodation is related to visual acuity? |
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| accommodation is the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina. Therefore, it's effected the shapeness of vision |
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| pointed of central focus in retina, around which the eye's cones cluster. |
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| the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot. No receptor cells are located there. |
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| why arent we aware of the blind spot? |
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| Because your eyes are moving and because one eye catches what the other misses. |
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| the retinal receptor cells that are conentrated near the center of the retina and the function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and dive rise to color sensations. |
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| retinal receptors that detect black, white and gray. Necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones dont response. |
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| Where is visual information transmitted from retina |
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| has feature detectors: nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement. |
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| Three types of color receptors |
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| s(blue), m(green), L(red) |
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| the theory that opposing retinal processes(red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. |
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| Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wave-lengths reflected by the object. |
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