Term
| Urinalysis: Specific gravity below 1.007 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urinalysis: Specific gravity above 1.010 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urinalysis: Specific gravity above 1.035 |
|
Definition
abnormal
indicates high level of clucose, a contaminated sample, drugs, or dyes |
|
|
Term
Urinalysis after 12 hours:
Specific gravity below 1.022 |
|
Definition
| Renal impairment or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
|
|
Term
Urinalysis after 12 hours:
Specific gravity below 1.010 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diabetic ketosis or starvation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria may be present in significant numbers. Gram negative rods are more likely to give a positive test |
|
|
Term
| Positive leukocyte esterase test |
|
Definition
presence of white blood cells either as whole cells or as lysed cells.
Infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
breakdown product of hemoglobin that should be conjugated by liver and excreted into the bile.
indicates hepatic disease or hepatobiliary obstruction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
distinguishes hepatic disease from hepatobiliary obstruction.
will be reduced if there is an obstruction. Will be elevated in other cases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits ADH production, so collecting tube will not be very permeable to water. |
|
|
Term
| What influences propagation speed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electromicrograph shows the average of everything that is happening in a muscle. Thousands of nerve and muscle action potentials happening at the same time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depolarization (or hyperpolarization) of a neuron resulting from the opening of voltage gated ion channels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Depolarization of muscle fibers caused by opeining of sodium channels because of ACh binding. |
|
|
Term
| Voltage minimum and maximum for nerve stimulation in frog muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If action potentials are all or nothing, why is there a difference between minimum and maximum |
|
Definition
| The EMG measures all muscle activity, not a single action potential. The minimum ellicits a minimal level of activity while .11 amps ellicited action potentials in more muscle fibers. |
|
|
Term
| Minimum and maximum voltage needed to elicit contraction in muscle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is the voltage needed to elicit maximum contraction much greater than with stimulation of the sciatic nerve? |
|
Definition
| more motor units are stimulated when the nerve is stimulated than the muscle directly. |
|
|
Term
| What effect should curare have in each? |
|
Definition
| Curare blocks nicotinic ACh receptors, so it will stop contraction when the nerve is stimulated. When the muscle is stimulated, there should not be much effect. |
|
|
Term
| How can we distinguish experimentally the effect of curare from fatigue? |
|
Definition
-rinse muscle and look for recovery
administer acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and look for recovery. |
|
|
