Term
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Definition
| each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| each of the two main chambers of the heart, left and right |
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Term
| atrioventricular (av) valves |
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Definition
| small valves that prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart |
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Definition
| portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a ventricle in a minute |
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Term
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Definition
| rate of blood flow back to the heart |
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Definition
| valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart, consisting of two tapered cusps |
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Definition
- one of the valves of the heart
- semilunar valve of the left side of the heart
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Term
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Definition
| of the organ systems, it follows that the total systemic blood flow must equal the cardiac output |
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Definition
| large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart |
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Definition
| on the right side of the heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| relating to the flow of blood within the organs and tissues of the body |
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Definition
| bundles of proteins (elastin) found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle tissue in which the contractile fibrils are not highly ordered, occurring in the gut and other internal organs and not under voluntary control |
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Term
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Definition
| relating to or denoting nerve cells in which epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), or a similar substance acts as a neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| of or relating to the viscera or internal organs, esp. those of the abdomen |
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Term
alpha1-adrenergic receptors |
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Definition
| members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily |
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Term
| beta2-adrenergic receptor |
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Definition
| also known as ADRB2, is a beta-adrenergic receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it |
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Term
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Definition
| must be overcome in order for blood to circulate through the body |
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Term
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Definition
| law stating that electric current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| flow of blood in the cardiovascular system |
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Term
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Definition
| state of being thick, sticky, and semifluid in consistency, due to internal friction |
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Term
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Definition
| velocity of blood flow (cm/sec) = flow (mL/sec) / cross-sectional area (cm2) |
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Term
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Definition
| flow (mL/min) = pressure difference (mm Hg) / resistance (mm Hg/mL/min) |
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Term
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Definition
| physical law that describes slow viscous incompressible flow through a constant circular cross-section |
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Definition
resistance = 8 * viscosity of blood * length of blood vessel / 3.14 * radius of blood vessel raised to the fourth power |
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Term
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Definition
| Rtotal = Rartery + Rarterioles + Rcapillaries + Rvenules + Rvein |
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Term
| total peripheral resistance |
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Definition
| sum of the resistance of all peripheral vasculature in the systemic circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| taking place along constant streamlines; not turbulent |
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Term
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Definition
| measurement or extent of something from end to end |
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Term
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Definition
| the speed of something in a given direction |
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Term
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Definition
| cause (something) to swell by stretching it from inside |
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Term
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Definition
| of, relating to, or denoting flow of a fluid in which the velocity at any point fluctuates irregularly and there is continual mixing rather than a steady or laminar flow pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| recurring sound heard in the heart through a stethoscope that is usually a sign of disease or damage |
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Term
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Definition
| reynold's number = density of blood * diameter of blood vessel * velocity of blood flow / viscosity of blood |
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Term
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Definition
| dimensionless number that gives a measure of the ratio of inertial forces (Vρ) to viscous forces (μ / L) and, consequently, it quantifies the relative importance of these two types of forces for given flow conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system |
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Term
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Definition
| condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness |
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Term
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Definition
| blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules |
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Term
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Definition
| compliance (mL/mm Hg) = volume (mL) / pressure (mm Hg) |
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Term
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Definition
| property of a material of undergoing elastic deformation or (of a gas) change in volume when subjected to an applied force |
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Term
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Definition
| length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed |
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Definition
| phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood |
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Definition
| small branch of an artery leading into capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| voltage difference (or electrical potential difference) between the interior and exterior of a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| very small vein, esp. one collecting blood from the capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| expand and contract with strong regular movements |
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Term
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Definition
| the contraction of heart chambers, driving blood out of the chambers |
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Term
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Definition
| change in blood pressure seen during a contraction of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| volume of blood pumped by the right/left ventricle of the heart in one contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| term used in medicine to describe a notional average blood pressure in an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, occurring typically in old age |
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Term
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Definition
| valvular heart disease caused by the incomplete opening of the aortic valve |
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Term
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Definition
| leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| impulse generating (pacemaker) tissue located in the right atrium of the heart, and thus the generator of sinus rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the heart muscle (the sinoatrial node) that normally performs this role |
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Term
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Definition
| area of specialized tissue between the atria and the ventricles of the heart, specifically in the posteroinferior region of the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus, which conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| normal electrical conduction in the heart allows the impulse that is generated by the sinoatrial node (SA node) of the heart to be propagated to (and stimulate) the myocardium (Cardiac muscle) |
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Term
| resting membrane potential |
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Definition
| Relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells |
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Term
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Definition
| at which there is no net (overall) flow of ions from one side of the membrane to the other |
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Term
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Definition
| reduce or remove the polarization of |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the strength of the electric field across the width of a cell membrane increases |
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Term
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Definition
| state of little or no change following a period of activity or progress |
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Term
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Definition
| can spontaneously generate action potentials without neural input |
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Term
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Definition
| speed at which action potentials are propagated within the tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| capacity of myocardial cells to generate action potentials in response to inward, depolarizing current |
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