Term
| A study conducted by the CDC and Emory University identified childhood trauma as a significant risk factor for _________. |
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Definition
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with Hypocortisolism |
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Term
Studies of the prevalence of trauma abuse show that:
More _____ than _____ abuse survivors have alcoholism |
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Definition
| More MEN than WOMEN abuse survivors have alcoholism |
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Term
Studies of the prevalence of trauma abuse show that:
More _____ than _____ abuse survivors have conduct disorder |
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Definition
| More MEN than WOMEN abuse survivors have conduct disorder |
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Term
According to results from the ACE Study:
_____________ who reported being sexually abused were more at risk for marrying an alcoholic and having current marital problems |
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Definition
| MEN and WOMEN who reported being sexually abused were more at risk for marrying an alcoholic and having current marital problems |
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Term
| Combat veterans with a history of exposure to early trauma were found to have a reduction in _____ hippocampal volume measured with a MRI |
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Definition
| RIGHT hippocampal volume measured with a MRI |
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Term
| In a study, it was found that there was significant _____ hippocampal volume reduction in 21 women who reported childhood sexual abuse. |
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Definition
| LEFT hippocampal volume reduction in 21 women who reported childhood sexual abuse. |
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Term
| Ridges on the outer surface of the cerebral cortex are called _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Somatosensory cortex is localized in the _____ lobe |
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Definition
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Term
| The hemispheres are physically connected at areas called commissures, and the largest of these connections is called the _______ |
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Definition
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Term
The limbic system is composed of:
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Definition
| hippocampus, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, amygdala, cingulated gyrus |
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Term
| The auditory cortex is localized in the ______ lobe |
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Definition
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Term
| Some health consequences of an impaired stress responsive HPA system include: |
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Definition
- obseity, metabolic syndrome
- cardiovascular disease
- autoimmune disorders
- diminshed bone density |
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Term
| Allostatic load is associated with failure to ________, failure to _________, and failure to _________ |
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Definition
| Allostatic load is associated with failure to SHUT OFF PRODUCTION OF CORTISOL, failure to HABITUATE TO REPEATED CHALLENGES, and failure to MOUNT AN ADEQUATE RESPONSE TO A CHALLENGE |
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Term
| "Neurobiology of Fear" showed that activity in the prefrontal cortex _______ when human offspring are 7 to 12 months of age. They also become more adept at what is called ______; they regulate their level of fear based on the expressions they observe |
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Definition
| INCREASES when human offspring are 7 to 12 months of age. They also become more adept at what is called SOCIAL REFERENCING; they regulate their level of fear based on the expressions they observe |
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Term
| "Neurobiology of Fear" Monkeys that started off with relatively low levels of cortisol, ______ with ______ |
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Definition
| FROZE FOR SHORTER PERIODS THAN DID THEIR COUNTER PARTS with HIGHER CORTISOL LEVELS |
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Term
| "Neurobiology of Fear" They measured cortisol concentrations in saliva of youngsters at home and then observed the children confronting an unfamiliar situation in the lab; and _____ basal cortisol levels were associated with _____ inhibition in the strange setting |
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Definition
| HIGH basal cortisol levels were associated with GREATER inhibition in the strange setting |
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Term
| "Decoding Schizophrenia" investigators have applied gene chips to study rain tissue and determined that many genes important to signal transmission across synapes are _____ active in schizophrenics |
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Definition
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Term
| "Decoding Schizophrenia" brain imaging studies have shown that individuals with schizophrenia have _____ brains than unaffected individuals |
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Definition
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Term
| Phenothiazines are a class of medication that relieve the positive symptoms of schizophrenia by: |
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Definition
| Blocking the function of dopamine receptors |
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Term
| PCP induces symptoms that resmeble the full range of schizophrenia's manifestations. More recent studies show that ketamine produces even more similarites. Among those are: |
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Definition
Difficulty thinking abstractly
Learning New Information
Withdrawl |
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Term
| The amygdala may enhance and direct our perception and attention reguarding emotions such as pleasure or disgust and: |
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Definition
Helps confer emotional significance on a wide range of experiences
Plays a key role in establishing salience |
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Term
| When spiking mice's drinking water with corticosterone under two conditions, they found that: |
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Definition
| Mice who drank the spiked water day after day were more hesistant to enter exposed space |
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Term
| "Decoding Schizophrenia" in the past theories have focused on the neurotransmitter ______, but in recent years _____ has been more studied |
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Definition
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Term
| Patients with schizophrenia often have enlarged: |
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Definition
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Term
When compared to normals, people with schizophrenia are shown to have
______ function of the prefrontal area compared with ______ |
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Definition
When compared to normals, people with schizophrenia are shown to have
DECREASED function of the prefrontal area compared with NORMALS |
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Term
| The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia states that: |
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Definition
| enhanced activity of the brain's dopaminergic system is directly responsible for the symptoms |
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Term
| Many enviornmental factors play a role in schizophrenia including: |
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Definition
Malnutrition in the womb
Exposure to viruses
Stressful enviornments
(NOT NEUREGULIN?) |
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Term
| When compared to normals, people with schizophrenia are shwon to have: |
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Definition
less metabolic activity
diminshed gray matter volume |
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Term
| Definition of trauma includes: |
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Definition
seriously threatens the health or survival of the individual
renders the individual powerless in the face of overwhelming fear or arousal
overwhelms the individual's coping capacity
violates basic assumptions about the enviornment's safety |
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Term
| Early exposure to trauma is associated with |
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Definition
greater psychiatric symptom severity
more somatization
greater incidence of autoimmune disease
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Term
| Studies examining the effects of childhood trauma on the hippocampus and memory have found survivors of childhood physical abused suffered decifits in STM that was correlated with level of absued and a reduction in ____ hippocampal volume |
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Definition
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Term
| The role of the hypothalamus is: |
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Definition
| the widespread connections with the rest of the forebrain and midbrain and controls the pituitary |
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Term
| laminae of human cerebral cortex |
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Definition
are parallel to the surface of the cortex and separated from each other by layers of fibers.
celles of the cortex are organized into columns of cells with similar properties arranged perpendicular to laminae.
Are arranged by lobes that have been identified based on similarities in laminae |
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