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Physiology EXAM 2
ch. 8-13
24
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
11/02/2015

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Term
afferent neurons
Definition
arriving to the brain, sensory (on the back of body primarily)mostly unipolar
Term
efferent neurons
Definition
exiting the brain, motor neurons ( primarily on the front of the body to move it)mostly multipolar
Term
central nervous system
Definition
brain and spinal cord (main control center)
Term
peripheral nervous system
Definition
all the connecting nerves that brainch off the brain. set up to work in both directions. sensory and mot or division(somatic and autonomic) (autonomic has sympathetic and parasympathetic)
Term
glial cells (6types)(4 in CNS 2 in PNS)
Definition
provide support, nutrition,insulation etc. and help with signal transmission in the nervous system (outnumber the neurons)
Term
Action potential
Definition
each only has one signal that they transmit and one uniform strength and speed. The only thing that changes is the frequency at which the signal can fire.brain then identifies the signal by location,sensation,magnitude, and importance. The buzz impulse is the action potential
Term
Autonomic nervous system
Definition
Term
Axon
Definition
transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body to the other cells (talker)
Term
Axonal transport
Definition
Term
dendrite
Definition
branch like extensions form the neuronal cell body that pass information to the cell body (listener)
Term
cell body
Definition
Term
Axon terminal
Definition
Term
Shwann cell
Definition
help form the myelin sheath which wraps around an axon to help transmit electrical signals faster
Term
interneurons
Definition
transport between
Term
sensory input
Definition
sensory receptors on the skin detect spider legs on knee
Term
integration
Definition
bain processes information and decides what you should do about it by sorting through the options
Term
motor output
Definition
scream run around like a crazy person ( the response that occurs when your nevous system activates certain parts of your body)
Term
neurons
Definition
respond to stimuli and transmit signals
Term
Types and Functions of glial cells in the CNS
Definition
Astrocytes- support, regulate ions(exchange of materials between neurons and capillaries)
Microglial cells- defend, immune defense against invading microorganisms
Ependymal cells - line cavities, create,secrete,and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
Oligodendrocytes-wrap and insulate, form myelin sheath
Term
Types and functions of glial cells in the PNS
Definition
Satellite cells- surround and support neuron cell bodies
Schwann cells-insulate, help form myelin sheath
Term
3 things all neurons have in common
Definition
long lived, irreplaceable, have huge appetites
Term
Types of neurons
Definition
(processes meaning a projecting part of an organic structure)
multipolar- three or more processes sticking out from the soma (99% of all neurons)
bipolar-two processes- an axon and a single dendrite extending from opposite sides of the cell body
unipolar-just 1 process, found mostly in your sensory receptors
Term
interneurons
Definition
association neurons
impulse moves between sensory and motor neurons
mostly multipolar
Term
voltage
Definition
the measure of potential energy generated by separated charges
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