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Physiology Exam 4, Lecture 3
Cranial Nerves
63
Physiology
Professional
10/31/2011

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Term
List the cranial nerves in order by number
Definition

I - Olfactory nerve

II - Optic nerve

III - Oculomotor nerve

IV - Trochlear nerve

V - Trigeminal nerve

VI - Abducens nerve

VII - Facial nerve

VIII - Vestibulocochlear nerve

IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve

X - Vagus nerve

XI - Spinal accessory nerve

XII - Hypoglossal nerve

Term
Is the olfactory nerve sensory, motor, or both?
Definition
Sensory
Term
Is the optic nerve sensory, motor, or both?
Definition
Sensory
Term
Is the oculomotor nerve sensory, motor, or both?
Definition
Both
Term
Is the trochlear nerve sensory, motor, or both?
Definition
Both
Term
Is the trigeminal nerve sensory, motor, or both?
Definition
Both
Term
Is the abducens nerve sensory, motor, or both?
Definition
Both
Term
Is the facial nerve sensory, motor, or both?
Definition
Both
Term
Is the vestibulocochlear nerve sensory, motor, or both?
Definition
Sensory
Term
Is the glossopharyngeal nerve sensory, motor, or both?
Definition
Both
Term
Is the vagus nerve sensory, motor, or both?
Definition
Motor
Term
Is the spinal accessory nerve sensory, motor, or both?
Definition
Motor
Term
Is the hypoglossal nerve sensory, motor, or both?
Definition
Both
Term
What is the function of the olfactory nerve?
Definition
Sense of smell
Term
Describe/list the pathway of the olfactory nerve
Definition
1. Sensory neurons in epithelium
2. Olfactory bulb/nerve
3. Olfactory tract
4. Olfactory cortical areas
Term
What is the function of the optic nerve?
Definition
Sense of sight
Term
Describe/list the pathway of the optic nerve
Definition
1. Photoreceptors
2. Bipolar cells
3. Ganglion cells
4. Optic nerve
5. Optic chiasm
6. Optic tract
7. Lateral geniculate body
Term
Where does the oculomotor efferent nerve exit?
Definition
Midbrain
Term
What muscles does the oculomotor nerve innervate?
Definition
1. Superior rectus
2. Medial rectus
3. Inferior rectus
4. Inferior oblique
Term
What eye muscle does adduction (movement towards nose)?
Definition
Medial rectus
Term
What eye muscle(s) move the eye down?
Definition
Inferior rectus (CN III), and superior oblique helps (CN IV)
Term
What eye muscle(s) move the eye up?
Definition
Superior rectus and inferior oblique
(controlled by CN III)
Term
What muscle(s) elevate the upper eyelid?
Definition
levator palpebrae superioris (controlled by CN III) (sounds like a Harry Potter spell)
Term
Describe the sensory component of the oculomotor nerve
Definition
Sensory component contains a few fibers that transmit sensory information from muscle
sensory receptors; these exit the motor nerves to course mainly in the ophthalmic division
of the trigeminal nerve.
Term
What nerve controls the parasympathetic component of the oculomotor nerve?
Definition
The Edinger-Westphal nucleus (part of oculomotor nuclear complex)
Term
Describe the neural pathway to constrict the pupil
Definition
1. Edinger-Westphal nucleus (part of oculomotor nuclear complex)
2. Ciliary ganglion
3. Constrictor pupillae muscle/ciliary muscle
Term
What is the function of the trochlear nerve?
Definition
Innervation of the superior oblique eye muscle, moves eyeball downward, and causes inward rotation of eyeball
Term
Where from the brainstem does the trochlear nerve exit?
Definition
caudal midbrain
Term
What is unique about the trochlear nerve verses the other 11 cranial nerves?
Definition
Trochlear is the only cranial nerve that exits dorsally, and is the only one that crosses
Term
What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?
Definition
Sensory information from face, and motor control of chewing muscles
Term
Where from the brainstem do the trigeminal nerves exit?
Definition
Pons
Term
What are the three major divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
Definition
Ophthalmic (V1), Maxillary (V2), Mandibular (V3)
Term
What is the function of the Ophthalmic nerve (V1)?
Definition
Sensory input from eye, orbit, forehead, ethmoid (roof of nasal cavity), and frontal sinuses.
Term
What is the function of the Maxillary nerve (V2)?
Definition
Sensory input from maxilla (upper jaw) and overlying skin, nasal cavity, palate, nasopharynx, and part of meninges.
Term
What is the function of the Mandibular nerve (V3)?
Definition
Sensory input from mouth, lower jaw, and anterior two-thirds of tongue. Motor outflow to chewing muscles.
Term
What are the four brainstem nuclei in the trigeminal nerve?
Definition
1. Spinal trigeminal nucleus
2. Trigeminal main sensory (aka pontine)
3. Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus
4. Trigeminal motor nucleus:
Term
What does the Spinal trigeminal nucleus (within the Trigeminal nerve) sense?
Definition
pain and temperature (secondary sensory neurons)
Term
What does the Trigeminal main sensory nucleus (within the Trigeminal nerve) sense?
Definition
touch sensation (secondary sensory
neurons)
Term
What does the Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (within the Trigeminal nerve) contain?
Definition
cell bodies of primary sensory neurons that transmit information from chewing muscles
Term
What does the Trigeminal motor nucleus (within the Trigeminal nerve) contain?
Definition
Cell bodies of motor neurons that innervate chewing muscles
Term
What is the function of the abducens nerve?
Definition
Moves eyeball laterally (abduction)
Term
What muscle does the abducens nerve control to move the eye laterally?
Definition
Innervation of lateral rectus eye muscle
Term
Where from the brainstem does the Abducens nerve exit?
Definition
Pontomedullary junction
Term
What is the function of the facial nerve?
Definition
Motor control of muscles of facial expression; taste
Term
Where from the brainstem does the Facial nerve exit?
Definition
pontomedullary junction
Term
What does the motor component of the facial nerve control?
Definition
Somatic muscles of facial expression;

Visceral (parasympathetic) motor control of salivary glands (except parotid), lacrimal gland, and mucus glands
Term
What does the sensory component of the facial nerve sense?
Definition
Sensory input from skin on lower part of ear and behind the ear

Taste buds from anterior two-thirds of tongue (but NOT tongue pain)
Term
What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Definition
Auditory and vestibular information
Term
Where from the brainstem does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit?
Definition
pontomedullary junction, just lateral to facial nerve
Term
Describe/list the pathway for the auditory component of the vestibulocochlear nerve
Definition
1. Hair cells in cochlea
2. Primary sensory neurons
3. Exit cochlea, form CN VIII
4. Terminate on cochlear nuclei in brainstem
Term
Describe/list the pathway for the vestibular component of the vestibulocochlear nerve
Definition
1. Hair cells in semicircular canals, saccule, and utricle transmit information
2. primary sensory neurons
3. Exit structures, form CNVIII
4. Terminate on vestibular nuclei in brainstem
Term
What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Definition
Associated with taste and eating
Term
Describe the motor component of the glossopharyngeal nerve
Definition
1. Innervates a muscle involved in elevating the pharynx during swallowing and speech
2. Parasympathetic control of parotid gland
Term
Describe the sensory component of the glossopharyngeal nerve
Definition
1. Input from carotid sinus and carotid bodies (BP and pO2)

2. Sensory input from part of ear and inner ear, posterior one-third of tongue, and upper pharynx (gag reflex).

3. Taste sensation from posterior one-third of tongue
Term
What is the function of the Vagus nerve?
Definition
Comprises most of the parasympathetic nervous system
Term
Where in the brainstem does the Vagus nerve exit?
Definition
Medulla
Term
Describe the motor component of the Vagus nerve
Definition
1. Smooth muscles and glands in pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen
(parasympathetic nervous system)

2. Skeletal muscles in pharynx, larynx, and tongue (not all of them)
Term
Describe the sensory component of the Vagus nerve
Definition
1. From all visceral structures innervated by the vagus nerve; also from blood pressure
receptors and chemoreceptors in the aortic arch

2. Part of the ear, larynx, and pharynx
Term
What is the function of the Spinal Accessory nerve?
Definition
Motor control of sternomastoid and trapezius muscles in neck
Term
Why does Dr. Blair think "Spinal Accessory Nerve" is a misnomer?
Definition
Cell bodies are located in spinal cord, not brainstem
Term
Describe the motor neurons of the Spinal Accessory Nerve
Definition
Cell bodies of motor neurons actually are located in upper cervical spinal cord; axons emerge from the cord to form a trunk that ascends to the medulla and then exits the skull with the vagus nerve
Term
What is the function of the Hypoglossal nerve?
Definition
Motor control of tongue muscles (except one)
Term
Where in the brainstem does the Hypoglossal nerve exit?
Definition
Medulla
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