Term
Water makes up _____ of the total body weight of an average adult.
A. 50-60%
B. 55-65%
C. 60-70%
D. 65-75% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most of the water found in the body is in the
A. blood.
B. intracellular fluid compartment.
C. extracellular fluid compartment.
D. blood and extracellular fluid compartment |
|
Definition
| B. intracellular fluid compartment. |
|
|
Term
The atomic nucleus does not contain _____________, which are negatively charged subatomic particles.
A. protons
B. electrons
C. neutrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An element with 11 neutrons, 11 protons, and 11 electrons would have an atomic mass of __.
A. 11
B. 33
C. 22
D. cannot be determined |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The __________ is the physical space which an electron occupies in an atom.
A. nucleus
B. orbital
C. energy level
D. Both orbital and energy level are correct. |
|
Definition
| D. Both orbital and energy level are correct. |
|
|
Term
The _______________ electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom.
A. kernel
B. valence
C. atomic
D. anion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Isotopes have the same ___________ number, but a different __________ number.
A. mass, atomic
B. neutron, mass
C. atomic, mass
D. atomic, proton |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is NOT true of isotopes of a given atom?
A. have the same number of neutrons
B. have the same number of protons
C. have different atomic masses
D. All of these choices are correct. |
|
Definition
| A. have the same number of neutrons |
|
|
Term
Which of the following subatomic particles have negligible mass?
A. electrons
B. neutrons
C. protons
D. Both neutrons and protons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When an atom loses one or more electrons, it
A. becomes positively charged.
B. becomes negatively charged.
C. is called an anion.
D. has no change in its charge. |
|
Definition
| A. becomes positively charged. |
|
|
Term
When an atom gains one or more electrons, it
A. becomes positively charged.
B. has no change in its charge.
C. is called an anion.
D. is called a cation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. An atom with 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 6 electrons would have a net charge of
A. -1.
B. -2.
C. +1.
D. +2. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. The type of bond found in sodium chloride is
A. an ionic bond.
B. a polar covalent bond.
C. a hydrogen bond.
D. a nonpolar covalent bond. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following would be most easily broken?
A. a hydrogen bond
B. a nonpolar covalent bond
C. an ionic bond
D. a polar covalent bond |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. A solution of a pH above 7 is called _____________.
A. acidic
B. neutral
C. basic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. Bases will _______________ protons in a solution.
A. accept
B. donate
C. ignore
D. repel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In an acidic solution,
A. the OH- ion concentration is greater than the H+ ion concentration.
B. the OH- ion concentration is less than the H+ ion concentration.
C. the H+ ion concentration is equal to the OH- ion concentration.
D. the H+ ion concentration is less than the OH- ion concentration only if the solution is buffered. |
|
Definition
| B. the OH- ion concentration is less than the H+ ion concentration. |
|
|
Term
. A blood pH of 7.6 is
A. indicative of acidosis.
B. indicative of alkalosis.
C. in the normal physiological range.
D. indicates effective buffering by the bicarbonate/carbonic acid system |
|
Definition
| B. indicative of alkalosis. |
|
|
Term
Regarding acids and bases,
A. acids will increase the pH of a solution.
B. bases will decrease the pH of a solution.
C. acids will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.
D. bases will accept hydrogen ions in a solution. |
|
Definition
| bases will accept hydrogen ions in a solution. |
|
|
Term
. Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are
A. ionic.
B. inorganic.
C. organic.
D. carbonic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Organic acids will contain
A. a carboxyl group.
B. a carbonyl group.
C. an amino group.
D. a hydroxyl group. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. The addition of water with the proper enzymes to a molecule is called
A. dehydration synthesis.
B. condensation.
C. hydrolysis.
D. combustion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. Sucrose is a disaccharide that is composed of _______________ and _____________.
A. glucose, glucose
B. glucose, galactose
C. glucose, fructose
D. fructose, galactose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Glycogen
A. is more highly branched than plant starch.
B. is a glycoprotein found in the liver.
C. is a glycolipid found in skeletal muscles.
D. is composed of alternating glucose and galactose molecules. |
|
Definition
| A. is more highly branched than plant starch. |
|
|
Term
In order to maintain proper health, total dietary fat intake should not exceed _______________ of total dietary energy intake.
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 40% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
________________ are liver synthesized derivatives of free fatty acids that can be used as an immediate source of energy by many organs.
A. Glycerols
B. Ketone bodies
C. Steroids
D. Cholesterols |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Unsaturated fatty acids
A. contain one or more double bonds.
B. are usually liquid at room temperature.
C. contain a maximal number of hydrogen atoms.
D. Both contain one or more double bonds and are usually liquid at room temperature are correct. |
|
Definition
| Both contain one or more double bonds and are usually liquid at room temperature are correct. |
|
|
Term
Ketosis
A. occurs when stored fats are rapidly degraded by the body.
B. stimulates an increased blood pH.
C. may lead to alkalosis.
D. occurs as the concentration of ketones in the urine decreases. |
|
Definition
| . occurs when stored fats are rapidly degraded by the body. |
|
|
Term
The primary structure of proteins is/are
A. the linear arrangement of amino acids in the molecule.
B. alpha helix coils and beta-pleated sheet folds of a protein strand.
C. due to the interaction between protein subunits.
D. stabilized when a protein is denatured. |
|
Definition
| . the linear arrangement of amino acids in the molecule. |
|
|
Term
The subunit of protein is the
A. fatty acid.
B. nucleic acid.
C. amino acid.
D. carboxylic acid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How many different amino acids are known?
A. 10
B. 25
C. 30
D. 20 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is NOT a component of DNA?
A. phosphate
B. deoxyribose sugar
C. guanine
D. uracil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The human genome refers to
A. all living human beings.
B. the total variations in human cells.
C. all of the genes in the cell.
D. human mutations caused by gene defects. |
|
Definition
| C. all of the genes in the cell. |
|
|
Term
The base that is NOT found in RNA is
A. thymine.
B. guanine.
C. cytosine.
D. uracil. |
|
Definition
|
|
