Term
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Definition
| thick muscle layer of heart, pump |
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Term
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Definition
| fat for energy, fluid in pericardial space to prevent overheating and for lubrication, also coronary blood vessels here |
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Term
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Definition
| internal surface of the heart, has crenulations/trabeculae carneae and smooth inside surface |
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Term
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Definition
| when fluid builds up in the pericardium, making it harder for the heart to pump |
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Term
| thickening of right ventricle indicates |
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Definition
| pulmonary obstruction or problem |
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Term
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Definition
| S1, tricuspid and mitral valves closing when ventricles are filled, end of diastole and beginning of systole |
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Term
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Definition
| S2, aortic and pulmonary valves close when pressure increases as aorta and pulmonary artery fill, end of systole and beginning of diastole |
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Term
| what controls how much blood gets to a peripheral site? |
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Definition
| arteriole contraction or relaxation, constriction causes resistance to movement |
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Term
| where is there more blood |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1 blood cell wide, O2 and CO2 get exchanged here |
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Term
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Definition
| factors that affect how blood flows out of the heart and through the vessels |
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Term
| positive hydrostatic pressure and neg presssure |
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Definition
| created by the pumping action of the heart, the heart muscle contracts and pushes blood from the ventricles into the blood vessels creating positive pressure which can be measured as BP. negative pressure is also a component when the heart relaxes and ventricles open up again creating negative pressure on the atria so that they begin to fill |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that occludes or obstructs bloodflow. affected by the length and diameter of a blood vessel. as blood vessels get narrower and narrower further from the heart resistance increases. |
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Term
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Definition
| the greater the resistance, the lower the blood flow. halve the diameter and inc resistance 16x |
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Term
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Definition
| the distance that blood flows in some period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| thicker fluids move more slowly, higher hct, extreme hyperglycemia |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a blood vessel to accommodate some amount of blood volume, large arteries like the aorta are very compliant- can expand to hold more volume. get more noncompliant with age, blood vessels get harder. veins much more compliant than arteries |
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Term
| flow properties from fluid dynamics |
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Definition
laminar flow- all in one direction, middle moves faster
turbulent flow- blood is hitting something that changes its direction, gurgling. ex atherosclerotic plaque or arteriosclerosis (hardening/thickening of vessel walls) |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelial, muscular, outer adventitia |
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Term
| artherosclerosis can cause |
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Definition
| plaque formation w fat deposits that can detach and become a thrombus that can get lodged, inc resistance to flow |
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Term
| arteriosclerosis can cause |
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Definition
| hardening of vessels, occlusion with collagen fiber buildup, dec compliance, turbulence, dec velocity |
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Term
| time spent in systole vs diastole |
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Definition
| shorter time in systole 1/3 (takes longer for ventricles to refill than to empty). 2/3 in diastole |
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Term
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Definition
| [systolic + (2 * diastolic) ] / 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| can be 7-10x lower than mean arterial pressure |
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Term
| avg BP of aorta vs capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| how does blood get pulled back to heart |
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Definition
| negative pressure, vacuum created by venules and venous pressure |
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Term
| why doesn't fluid stay out when it leaves the capillaries? |
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Definition
| it leaves behind proteins and cells while releasing water, salt, glucose and oxygen, leading to an osmotic change wehre the pressure inside the capillary becomes higher than outside, pulling fluid back into the capillary (osmosis is pulling in the interstitial fluid), then there is lower pressure in the venules which pulls fluid into them |
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