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Physiology 3100
VPHY3100 Fall 2004
14
Physiology
Not Applicable
08/29/2004

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Term
prehormone
Definition
molecules secreted by endocrine glands that are inactive until changed by their target cells
Ex: T4, Vitamin D3
Term
synergistic
Definition
when two or more hormones work together to produce a particular result; may be additive (epi and norepi) or complementary (FSH and testosterone)
Term
permissive effect
Definition
when a hormone enhances the responsiveness of a target organ to a second hormone or when it increases the activity of the second hormone
Term
antagonistic effects
Definition
actions of one hormone counteract the actions of another
Ex: insulin and glucagon
Term
priming effects/upregulation
Definition
more receptors are formed in response to particular hormones
Ex: GnRH
Term
desensitization/downregulation
Definition
high concentrations of a hormone cause a decrease in the number of receptor proteins in their target cells
Term
Growth hormone
(GH or somatotropin)
Definition
Promotes protein synthesis and growth; lipolysis and increase blood glucose.
Inhibited by somatostatinl stimulatied by growth hormone-releasing hormone.
Term
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Definition
Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids.
Stimulated by CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone); inhibited by glucocorticoids.
Term
Thryoid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Definition
Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones.
Stimulated by TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone); inhibited by thyroid hormones.
Term
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Definition
Promotes gamete production and stimulates estrogen production in females.
Stimulated by GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone); inhibited by sex steroids and inhibin.
Term
Prolactin (PRL)
Definition
Promotes milk production in lactating females; additional actions in other organs.
Inhibited by PIH (prolactin-inhibiting hormone).
Term
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Definition
Stimulates sex hormone secretion; ovulation and corpus luteum formation in females; stimulates testosterone production in males.
Stimulated by GnRH; inhibited by sex steroids.
Term
preprohormone
Definition
post-translational product of a gene; precursor of prohormone
Term
prohormone
Definition
cut and spliced together to make a hormone
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