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Physiological Psychology
test 3, chapters 9-11
33
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
03/21/2010

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Term
Endogenous Cicannual Rhythm
Definition
an annual rhythm that helps one adjust to seasonal changes
Term
Endogenous Circadian Rhythm
Definition
a daily rhythm the body creates
Term
Free Running Rhythm
Definition
a rhythm that occurs when no stimuli resets or alters it
Term
Zeitgeber
Definition
stimulus that resets circadian rhythms, ex. light, or for marine animals, the tide
Term
Jet Lag
Definition
disruption of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones
Term
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
Definition
part of hypothalamus, provides main control of the circadian rhythms for sleep and body temperature
Term
melanopsin
Definition
a special ganglion that responds directly to light even if they do not receive any imput from rods or cones
Term
Period and Timeless genes
Definition
produce proteins Per and Tim that start in small amounts early in the day and slowly increase during day. the higher the levels, the sleepier one is
Term
Overtime
Definition
mutation in this gene that produces a 26 hour circadian rhythm
Term
Mutation of Period Gene
Definition
causes people to have circadian rhythms that are faster than 24 hours, most people with this disorder have depression
Term
Pineal Gland
Definition
controlled by SCN, an endocrine gland that releases melatonin, which influences circadian and circannual rhythms
Term
Melatonin side effects
Definition
impair learning, reproductive fertility, and can harm the development of fetus
Term
Coma
Definition
extended period of unconsciousness caused by head trauma, stroke, or disease, brain activity levels stay steady, no response to stimulus
Term
Vegetative State
Definition
person alternates between periods of sleep and moderate arousal, but during arousal person shows no awareness of surroundings
Term
Minimally Concious state
Definition
slightly higher level that vegetative state, brief periods of purposeful actions and limited amount of speech comprehension
Term
Brain Death
Definition
condition with no sign of brain activity and no response to any stimulus, after 24 hours usually person is euthanized
Term
Polysomnograph
Definition
combination of EEG and eyemovement records
Term
Alpha Waves
Definition
Frequency of 8-12 per second, characteristic of relaxed state, not all of wakefulness
Term
K-complex
Definition
sharp, high amplitude wave
Term
Paradoxical Sleep
Definition
in some ways its a deep sleep but in other ways its like a light sleep
Term
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM)
Definition
synonymous with paradoxical sleep, where most dreaming occurs
Term
Reticular Formation
Definition
ascending neurons carry sensory information, and descending neurons carry motor information
Term
Pentomesencephalon
Definition
receives input from sensory systems and generates sponatenous activity, maintains aroual, awakens sleeping individual
Term
Locus coeruleus
Definition
usually inactive but emits bursts of norepinephrine during heightened times of emotions, helping one remember emotional times
Term
histamine
Definition
neurotransmitter released by hypothalamus that produces excitatory effects throughout the brain
Term
Orexin
Definition
neurotransmitter that keeps one awake
Term
GABA
Definition
inhibitory transmitter, without it sleep would not occur
Term
Cataplexy
Definition
attack of muscle weakness while person remains awake, triggered by strong emotions and/or stimuli
Term
REM Behavior Disorder
Definition
disorder where you move around vigorously during REM period, usually acting out dreams
Term
Night Terrors
Definition
intense anxiety from which a person awakens screaming in terror, happens in NREM sleep
Term
David Maurice's belief
Definition
REM sleep's main function it to move the eyes back and forth enough to get oxygen to the corneas of the eyes
Term
activation-synthesis hypothesis
Definition
a dream represents the brain's effort to make sense of sparse and distorted information
Term
Clinico-anatomical hypothesis
Definition
regards dreams as thinking that takes place under unusual conditions, such as changes in sensory organs
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