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Definition
| carries commands to the muscles and organs |
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| specialized cells that convey sensory info into the brain, transmit commands out into the body to control muscles and organs, and generate thought, emotion, and memory |
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| contains the organelles, including the nucleus, and carries out basic cell activities |
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| receives info from other neurons |
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Definition
| carry info to other neurons, muscles, organs. a sheath of myelin surrounds each axon. |
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Definition
| branches at the end of the axon terminate in swellings |
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Definition
| released from axon terminals |
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Definition
| connection between 2 neurons |
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| brings info about the body and environment into the central nervous system |
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Definition
| connects neurons over short distances |
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Definition
| made of fat and protein, and not only holds cells together but regulates the environment within and around the cell |
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Definition
| the difference in electrical charges between the inside and outside of an inactive neuron's membrane. usually around -70mv |
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Definition
| concentrated outside the neuronal membrane; potassium and organic anions are concentrated inside |
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Definition
| a force that draws ions from the side of the membrane where they are most abundant, to the side where they are least abundant |
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| a force which attracts ions to the side with the opposite charge |
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Definition
| expels 3 sodium ions that have entered cells for every 2 potassium ions it brings in |
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Definition
| a brief depolarization of the neural membrane that enables the neuron to communicate over long distances |
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Definition
| a partial depolarization of the membrane caused by an excitatory signal received through the dendrites or cell body from the axon of another neuron |
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Definition
| action potentials operate on it, occurring at full strength or not at all |
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Definition
| periods of reduced or zero responsiveness |
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Term
| absolute refractory period |
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Definition
| the neuron cannot fire again bc the sodium channels cant reopen |
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Term
| relative refractory period |
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Definition
| the few milliseconds after the absolute refractory period when the potassium channels remain open |
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Definition
| bc of the relative refractory period, the neuron's firing rate is proportional to stimulus intensity |
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Definition
| a fatty tissue that wraps around axons, is produced by glial cells and increases conduction speed |
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Definition
| gaps b/n pieces of myelin |
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Definition
| action potentials jump from one node of ranvier to another in a rapid form of transmission |
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| excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) |
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Definition
| hypopolarization, increases the likelihood of an action potential |
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| Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) |
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Definition
| hyperpolarization, reduces the likelihood of an action potential |
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Definition
| combines potentials occurring simultaneously at different locations on teh dendrites and cell body |
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| combines potentials arriving a short time apart |
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| neurotransmitters taken back into the terminals |
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| presynaptic excitation, inhibition |
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Definition
| produced from when a third neuron is released from transmitters onto the terminals of the presynaptic neuron during axoaxonic synapses |
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Definition
| on the terminals sense the amount of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft and the terminal adjusts its output of transmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons adjust the number of sensitivity of its receptors to compensate for fluctuations in neurotransmitter release |
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