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Physio--LAB TEST: Reflexes Lab
Reflexes Lab Packet
37
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
04/07/2012

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Term
afferent-efferent pathway
-which is motor which is sensory?
-what depends on this?--what 2 things exactly does it depend on?
Definition
afferent: sensory
efferent: motor
-speed of a motor response to an environmental stimulus depends on this
-depends on length of the pathway & num. of synapses found in it.
Term
reflex
Definition
a motor response that uses a small number of neurons & synapses
Term
reflex arc
Definition
pathway from receptor to effector
Term
somatic reflex
-causes
Definition
causes skeletal muscle contraction
Term
visceral (autonomic) reflex
Definition
causes a reponse in cardiac/smooth muscle or glands
Term
5 components of the reflex arc:
Definition
1. sensory receptor
2. sensory neuron
3. motor neuron
4. integrating center
5. effector
Term
1. sensory receptor--
2. sensory neuron--
3. motor neuron--
4. integrating center--
5. effector--
Definition
1. detects stimulus
2. carries action potential if sensory stimulus is strong enough
3. carries the action potential (nerve impulse) from CNS
4.gray matter in CNS (brain for cranial & spinal reflex & spinal cord)
5. performs response required by the CNS
Term
what would the shortest reflex involve?
-what type is this?
Definition
2 neurons & 1 synapse
Term
monosynaptic reflexes
Definition
a reflex arc consists of only one sensory neuron and one motor neuron
-the shortest reflex (2 neurons; 1 synapse)
-presence of a single chemical synapse
-e.g. muscle stretch reflexes
Term
Where does sensory information enter a ____ nerve? and what does it synapse with?
Definition
sensory information enters the dorsal root of a peripheral nerve & synapses with an alpha motoneuron.
Term
motor information leave via _____ root of the _____ nerve
Definition
motor info leave via the ventral root of the peripheral nerve
Term
polysynaptic reflexes
how does this affect time?
Definition
involves 3 or more neurons (2 or more synapses)
-time btwn stimulus & response is increased
Term
Label reflex arc picture
Definition
Label reflex arc picture
Term
What may happen in more complex reflexes?
-crosses what/may be carried up/down what?
Definition
may cross spinal gray matter
-may be carried up/down spinal cord
Term
what does ipsilateral mean?
contralateral?
Definition
same side:
-reflex response can include muscles on same side as stimulus
opposite side:
-reflex response may include muscles on opposite side
Term
crossed-extensor reflex is what?
Definition
an example of reflex response that uses ipsilateral muscles & contralateral muscles
Term
bilateral or consensual reflexes are what?
Definition
Reflexes that involves both sides of the body at the same time.
Term
how is stretching in muscles detected?
Definition
by stretch receptors in muscle spindles (muscle spindle apparatus)
Term
muscle spindles consist of fibers called what? and what are these fibers?
Definition
-intrafusal fibers--fibers that are thinner than normal
OR
-extrafusal fibers
Term
when stretch receptors are stimulated what happens? (2 things)
Definition
the muscle contracts & the antagonistic muscle relaxes
Term
what is reciprocal innervation?
Definition
contraction of a muscle is accompanied by simultaneous inhibition of an antagonistic muscle
Term
How is a plantar reflex elicited?
-what is a normal response?
-what response shows damage to ___?
Definition
by stimulating the skin receptors in the foot
-plantar flexion of the toes
-dorsiflexion/flaring of toes --> damage to pyramidal tracts from cerebral cortex
Term
What does a normal reaction require?
Definition
uninterrupted flow of information along pyramidal tracts
Term
pyramidal tracts
what is an abnormal reaction called?
Definition
descend from primary motor cortex
-Babinski's Sign
Term
Is Babinski's sign normal or abnormal in adults?
In infants?
Definition
-abnormal
-normal
Term
What nerve is tested in the following reflexes?
1-Achilles Reflex
2-Biceps Reflex
3-Patellar Reflex
4-Triceps Reflex
Definition
1- medial popliteal
2- musulacutaneous
3- femoral nerve
4- radial
Term
Autonomic or Somatic?/ Spinal or Cranial?

1-plantar flexion of foot when achilles tendon is stretched
2-salivation because of lemon juice on tongue
3-blinking after cornea is touched
4-flexing arm after touching hot object
Definition
1-somatic/ spinal
2-autonomic / cranial
3-somatic/ cranial
4- somatic/ spinal
Term
afferent neurons are:
efferent neurons are:
Definition
afferent: sensory
efferent: motor
Term
stretch receptors in muscles called:
...they contain special ____ fibers:
Definition
called: muscle spindles
contain: intrafusal/extrafusal fibers
Term
ventral root contains what kind of neurons
dorsal root contains what kind of neurons
Definition
ventral roots of spinal nerve: motor
dorsal roots: sensory neurons
Term
patellar reflex tests....
Definition
ascendind/descending spinal cord tracts
Term
in a monosynaptic reflex the sensory neuron synapses on...what?
Definition
a motor neuron
Term
triceps contracts and bicep relaxes, this is called:
Definition
reciprocal innervation
Term
Knee Jerk Reflex test:
Definition
tests: femoral nerve
sit with legs hanging freely
-strike patellar tendon with tapered end of reflex hammer below patella

hands clasped in front of chest pulling isometrically (Decreased sensitivity)
Term
Ankle jerk reflex
medial popliteal nerve is a branch of what?
Definition
tests: medial popliteal nerve
subject kneels on chair with feet off edge
-hit achilles tendon (Watch for plantar movement)
Term
Biceps Jerk Reflex
Definition
Tests musculocutaneous nerve
subjects arm should be relaxed and extended on desk
press biceps tendon in antecubital fossa w/ thumb and strike thumb
clenching teeth (Decreases twitch response)
Term
Triceps Jerk Reflex
Definition
Tests radial nerve
subjects lie on their back with arm across abdomen
-strike triceps above elbow
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