Term
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Definition
| What is considered the "north star" of the brain? |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F The arachnoid membrane can be found in the PNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary motor cortex is _______ to the central sulcus. |
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Term
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Definition
| The NIMH imaging study reported that dendritic density peaks at age 11 girls / 12 boys and then drops. |
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Term
| Formulating plans and strategies. |
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Definition
| What is the major function of the Prefrontal Cortex? |
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Term
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Definition
| The name of axons in CNS are ____ and in PNS are ______. |
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Term
| Sensory, Motor, and Interneurons |
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Definition
| What are the three types (not shapes) of neurons? |
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Term
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Definition
| The two lobes of the Thalamus are connected by __________. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F The somatic nervous system is the involuintary nervous system and the autonomic nervous system is the voluntary nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cations have a ____ charge while Anions have a _____ charge. |
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Term
| They clean up dead cells which is integral to prevent the decay from taking over. They clean up cells that might have repaired themselves. |
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Definition
| What is one benefit of phagocytosis and one potential negative effect? |
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Term
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Definition
| Potassium is predominantly extracellular and diffusion, balanced with electrostatic pressure keeps it out of the cell body. |
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Term
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
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Definition
| What is considered to be the "Achilles Heel" of nature and is designed not to leak and has a half life of 3 hours? |
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Term
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Definition
| What consists of ascending and descending bundles of myelinated axons? |
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Term
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Definition
| What part of neurons are considered to be the "receiving end" and have branches that carry information to the cell body? |
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Term
| The neuraxis is a straight line in quadripeds, in bipeds, it forms a 90-degree angle at the head. |
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Definition
| What's teh difference between teh neuraxis in bipeds and that in quadripeds? |
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Term
| Cerebral cortex, Basal ganglia, Hippocampus, Amygdala |
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Definition
| What structures make up the telencephalon? |
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Term
| Depolarizing; Hyperpolarizing |
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Definition
| Excitatory (EPSP) postsynaptic potentials are _____ and inhibitory action potentials (IPSP) are ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F Apoptosis is the overproduction of neurons by more than 50%. |
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Term
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Definition
| Action potential is a(n) _______ and a(n) _______ even that briefly moves down teh axon, starting from the end closest to the cell body and moving toward to the end of the zn nearer the terminal boutons. |
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Term
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Definition
| The capillary walls of the CNS differ from capillaries found in most of the rest of the body in that they lack gaps in their walls, thus creating the ___________. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F The area postrema is located in an area of the brain where the blood-body barrier is particularly weak so as to enable detection of any toxins that may be present in teh blood stream and induce a vomiting response. |
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Term
| Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System. |
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Definition
| The two nervous systems are ____________ and __________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cerebrospinal fluid is manufactured by __________. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F Mirror neurons are associated with empathy. |
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Term
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Definition
| What connects the third and fourth ventricles of the brain? |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F The thalamus is responsible for organizing behaviors related to survival. |
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Term
| Primarily homeostasis, also four Fs |
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Definition
| Name four responsibilities of the hypothalamus. |
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Term
| Cerebellum, pons, medulla |
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Definition
| These three primary structures are contained in the "hindbrain." |
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Term
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Definition
| What chemical (found in inhalants) is extremely toxic to white matter? |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F Oligodendrocytes form myelin around many of the axons in the central nervous system. |
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Term
| Dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What is the charge when a neuron is at its resting potential? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the space between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane called? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is between the telencephalon and mesencephalon? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the name of the figure used to represent the amount of cerebral cortex used to process touch receptors? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a common disorder resulting from teh neural tube failing to close during development? |
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Term
| Hippocampus & amygdala; Regulatio of emotion and motivation and learning and memory |
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Definition
| What are the structures and primary role of the Limbic System? |
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Term
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Definition
| The seemless performance of motor activity, such as walking, is controlled by the ________. |
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Term
| Mesencephalon and medulla oblongata |
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Definition
| The pons is the bridge between what areas? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which cranial nerve is used for deep breathing? |
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Term
| Telencephalon and diencephalon |
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Definition
| The _____ and _____ make up the forebrain. |
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Term
| Diffusion and electrostatic pressure |
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Definition
| What are the two reasons hyperpolarization occurs? |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F Once an action potential begins, it must continue down to the terminal boutons. |
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Term
| Its breakdown liberates energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Detect other substances, control access to the interior, transport in and out of cell. |
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Definition
| Name one function of proteins within the membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which cell has a framework, or network, for neural growth and repair? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which part of the blood brain barrier protects the body from poisoning? |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F The telencephalon makes up over 75% of the brain's total mass. |
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Term
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Definition
| The posterior of teh central sulcus is involved in what two main tasks? |
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Term
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Definition
| Circuits of _______ are involved in learning, memory, and cognition. |
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Term
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Definition
| These are arguably the oldest and longest cells in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| The masa intermedia is located in which ventricle? |
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Term
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Definition
| What cell type has the most important role in the CNS? |
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Term
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Definition
| When teh inside of a cell membrane becomes more positive relative to its resting state, _________ is said to have happened. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which area of the brain is most susceptible to injury? |
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Term
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Definition
| How do mitochondria differ from the rest of teh organelles within the cytoplasm? |
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Term
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Definition
| The 1-2 micrometer un-myelinated segments of a myelinated axon are called: |
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Term
| Better recovery from brain and spinal injuries |
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Definition
| If we had Schwann cells in teh CNS, what might be different? |
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Term
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Definition
| The _________ ________ surrounds and insulates axons, preventing them from spreading messages to adjacent axons. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the large bundle of axons that interconnects the corresponding regions of teh association cortex on each side of the brain and facilitates communication between the two cerebral hemispheres? |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F The reticular formation plays a role in sleep, arousal, and various vital reflexes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The _________ _______ ________ blocks all molecules except those that cross by lipid soluability. |
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Term
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Definition
| The largest portion of the diencephalon is teh _________. |
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Term
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Definition
| The hypothalamic hormones are secreted by the specialized neurons called ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| The basic message carried by the axon (from teh cell body to the terminal buttons) is known as an: |
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Term
| Light, sound, odor, taste, touch (five senses) |
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Definition
| Sensory neurons gather what kinds of information? |
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Term
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Definition
| Name the two types of interneurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which are the largest ventricles? |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F Terminal boutons secrete both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. |
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Term
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Definition
| What process do astrocytes interfere with? |
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Term
| Unipolar, Bipolar, Mulitpolar |
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Definition
| Name the 3 principle types (shapes) of neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A __________ is a small, hollow beadlike structure found in the terminal buttons that contain molecules of the neurotransmitter. |
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Term
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Definition
| An _________ axon is directed TOWARD the central nervous system to convey sensory information, whereas an _________ axon is directed AWAY from the central nervous system to convey motor comands to muscles and glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which dentritic branch density peaks at age 1-2 and then levels off through age 16 is called? |
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Term
| False, it's part of the CNS |
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Definition
| T/F The thalamus is part of the PNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| The myelencephalon is composed of which structure? |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F There are three meninges in the peripheral nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| White matter is to ______ tissue as gray matter is to ______ tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs vary widely in their _____, or the readiness with which two molecules join. |
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Term
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
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Definition
| Within the cell, mitochondria produce the chemical ________, which is used throughout the cell as an energy source. |
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Term
| Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus |
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Definition
| Name the three structures that comprise teh basal ganglia (a part of the brain associated with motor control). |
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Term
| Gray matter is in the cerebral cortex and is made up of mostly cells. White matter is tissue that is concentrated in myelin that surrounds axons beneath the cebral cortex. |
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Definition
| What is the difference between white matter and grey matter? |
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Term
| Supportive and nourishing cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala |
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Definition
| What structures of the brain are included in teh telencephalon? |
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Term
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Definition
| The sodium potassium pump uses _____% of metabolic resources. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which type of glial cell is active in cleaning up cellular debris? |
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Term
| 1st in lateral -> 3rd -> 4th -> subarachnoid space -> absorbed into blood stream |
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Definition
| Describe the flow of CSF. |
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Term
| Limbic, hippocampus, amygdala |
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Definition
| The ___________ system, which includes teh _______ and teh __________ is responsible for emotion, motivation, learning, and memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F The thalamus has a large nucleus that relays information from teh cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. |
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Term
| Feeding, fighting, fleeing, mating |
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Definition
| Name the 4 primary survival behaviors that are organized/regulated by the hypothalamus. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the source of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain? |
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Term
| Glial; forming myelin sheath around axons |
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Definition
| Oligodendrocytes are a type of ______ cell that is responsible for ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the CNS, oligodendrocytes support axons and produce myelin. In teh peripheral nervous system, the same function is performed by ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small grooves in the cerebral cortex are called sulci; large grooves are called _________. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amygdala is most closely associated with the expression of ________. |
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Term
| Schwann cells; astrocytes |
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Definition
| ________ allow for neuron repair in the PNS, whereas ______ inhibit repair of neurons in the CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Whether the neuron is unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar, the refractory period is responsible for _______ movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sodium-potassium pump throws out three ___ molecules for every two ______ molecules it allows in. |
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