Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Physio Psych
Quiz 1
99
Psychology
Graduate
04/25/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Massa Intermedia
Definition
What is considered the "north star" of the brain?
Term
False
Definition
T/F The arachnoid membrane can be found in the PNS.
Term
Anterior
Definition
The primary motor cortex is _______ to the central sulcus.
Term
True
Definition
The NIMH imaging study reported that dendritic density peaks at age 11 girls / 12 boys and then drops.
Term
Formulating plans and strategies.
Definition
What is the major function of the Prefrontal Cortex?
Term
Tracts; Nerves
Definition
The name of axons in CNS are ____ and in PNS are ______.
Term
Sensory, Motor, and Interneurons
Definition
What are the three types (not shapes) of neurons?
Term
Massa Intermedia
Definition
The two lobes of the Thalamus are connected by __________.
Term
False
Definition
T/F The somatic nervous system is the involuintary nervous system and the autonomic nervous system is the voluntary nervous system.
Term
Positive; Negative
Definition
Cations have a ____ charge while Anions have a _____ charge.
Term
They clean up dead cells which is integral to prevent the decay from taking over. They clean up cells that might have repaired themselves.
Definition
What is one benefit of phagocytosis and one potential negative effect?
Term
False
Definition
Potassium is predominantly extracellular and diffusion, balanced with electrostatic pressure keeps it out of the cell body.
Term
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Definition
What is considered to be the "Achilles Heel" of nature and is designed not to leak and has a half life of 3 hours?
Term
White Matter
Definition
What consists of ascending and descending bundles of myelinated axons?
Term
Dendrites
Definition
What part of neurons are considered to be the "receiving end" and have branches that carry information to the cell body?
Term
The neuraxis is a straight line in quadripeds, in bipeds, it forms a 90-degree angle at the head.
Definition
What's teh difference between teh neuraxis in bipeds and that in quadripeds?
Term
Cerebral cortex, Basal ganglia, Hippocampus, Amygdala
Definition
What structures make up the telencephalon?
Term
Depolarizing; Hyperpolarizing
Definition
Excitatory (EPSP) postsynaptic potentials are _____ and inhibitory action potentials (IPSP) are ______.
Term
True
Definition
T/F Apoptosis is the overproduction of neurons by more than 50%.
Term
Chemical; Electrical
Definition
Action potential is a(n) _______ and a(n) _______ even that briefly moves down teh axon, starting from the end closest to the cell body and moving toward to the end of the zn nearer the terminal boutons.
Term
Blood-brain barrier
Definition
The capillary walls of the CNS differ from capillaries found in most of the rest of the body in that they lack gaps in their walls, thus creating the ___________.
Term
True
Definition
T/F The area postrema is located in an area of the brain where the blood-body barrier is particularly weak so as to enable detection of any toxins that may be present in teh blood stream and induce a vomiting response.
Term
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System.
Definition
The two nervous systems are ____________ and __________.
Term
Choroid Plexus
Definition
Cerebrospinal fluid is manufactured by __________.
Term
True
Definition
T/F Mirror neurons are associated with empathy.
Term
The cerebral aqueduct
Definition
What connects the third and fourth ventricles of the brain?
Term
False - the hypothalamus
Definition
T/F The thalamus is responsible for organizing behaviors related to survival.
Term
Primarily homeostasis, also four Fs
Definition
Name four responsibilities of the hypothalamus.
Term
Cerebellum, pons, medulla
Definition
These three primary structures are contained in the "hindbrain."
Term
Toluene
Definition
What chemical (found in inhalants) is extremely toxic to white matter?
Term
True
Definition
T/F Oligodendrocytes form myelin around many of the axons in the central nervous system.
Term
Dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater
Definition
Name the 3 meninges.
Term
-70mV
Definition
What is the charge when a neuron is at its resting potential?
Term
Subarachnoid space
Definition
What is the space between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane called?
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
What is between the telencephalon and mesencephalon?
Term
Homunculus
Definition
What is the name of the figure used to represent the amount of cerebral cortex used to process touch receptors?
Term
Spina bifida
Definition
What is a common disorder resulting from teh neural tube failing to close during development?
Term
Hippocampus & amygdala; Regulatio of emotion and motivation and learning and memory
Definition
What are the structures and primary role of the Limbic System?
Term
Basal Ganglia
Definition
The seemless performance of motor activity, such as walking, is controlled by the ________.
Term
Mesencephalon and medulla oblongata
Definition
The pons is the bridge between what areas?
Term
Vagus nerve
Definition
Which cranial nerve is used for deep breathing?
Term
Telencephalon and diencephalon
Definition
The _____ and _____ make up the forebrain.
Term
Diffusion and electrostatic pressure
Definition
What are the two reasons hyperpolarization occurs?
Term
True
Definition
T/F Once an action potential begins, it must continue down to the terminal boutons.
Term
Its breakdown liberates energy.
Definition
Why is ATP important?
Term
Detect other substances, control access to the interior, transport in and out of cell.
Definition
Name one function of proteins within the membrane.
Term
Schwann cells.
Definition
Which cell has a framework, or network, for neural growth and repair?
Term
Area postrema
Definition
Which part of the blood brain barrier protects the body from poisoning?
Term
True
Definition
T/F The telencephalon makes up over 75% of the brain's total mass.
Term
Perceiving and learning
Definition
The posterior of teh central sulcus is involved in what two main tasks?
Term
Interneurons
Definition
Circuits of _______ are involved in learning, memory, and cognition.
Term
Neurons
Definition
These are arguably the oldest and longest cells in the body.
Term
The 3rd ventricle.
Definition
The masa intermedia is located in which ventricle?
Term
Glial cell.
Definition
What cell type has the most important role in the CNS?
Term
Depolarization
Definition
When teh inside of a cell membrane becomes more positive relative to its resting state, _________ is said to have happened.
Term
Prefrontal cortex
Definition
Which area of the brain is most susceptible to injury?
Term
Have their own DNA.
Definition
How do mitochondria differ from the rest of teh organelles within the cytoplasm?
Term
Nodes of Ranvier
Definition
The 1-2 micrometer un-myelinated segments of a myelinated axon are called:
Term
Better recovery from brain and spinal injuries
Definition
If we had Schwann cells in teh CNS, what might be different?
Term
Myelin sheath
Definition
The _________ ________ surrounds and insulates axons, preventing them from spreading messages to adjacent axons.
Term
Corpus callosum
Definition
What is the large bundle of axons that interconnects the corresponding regions of teh association cortex on each side of the brain and facilitates communication between the two cerebral hemispheres?
Term
True
Definition
T/F The reticular formation plays a role in sleep, arousal, and various vital reflexes.
Term
Blood brain barrier
Definition
The _________ _______ ________ blocks all molecules except those that cross by lipid soluability.
Term
Thalamus
Definition
The largest portion of the diencephalon is teh _________.
Term
Neurosecretory cells
Definition
The hypothalamic hormones are secreted by the specialized neurons called ________.
Term
Action potential
Definition
The basic message carried by the axon (from teh cell body to the terminal buttons) is known as an:
Term
Light, sound, odor, taste, touch (five senses)
Definition
Sensory neurons gather what kinds of information?
Term
Local and relay
Definition
Name the two types of interneurons.
Term
Lateral ventricles.
Definition
Which are the largest ventricles?
Term
True
Definition
T/F Terminal boutons secrete both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
Term
Neuronal recovery
Definition
What process do astrocytes interfere with?
Term
Unipolar, Bipolar, Mulitpolar
Definition
Name the 3 principle types (shapes) of neurons.
Term
Synaptic vesicle
Definition
A __________ is a small, hollow beadlike structure found in the terminal buttons that contain molecules of the neurotransmitter.
Term
Afferent; Efferent
Definition
An _________ axon is directed TOWARD the central nervous system to convey sensory information, whereas an _________ axon is directed AWAY from the central nervous system to convey motor comands to muscles and glands.
Term
Pruning
Definition
The process in which dentritic branch density peaks at age 1-2 and then levels off through age 16 is called?
Term
False, it's part of the CNS
Definition
T/F The thalamus is part of the PNS.
Term
Medulla oblongata
Definition
The myelencephalon is composed of which structure?
Term
False
Definition
T/F There are three meninges in the peripheral nervous system.
Term
Subcortical; cortical
Definition
White matter is to ______ tissue as gray matter is to ______ tissue.
Term
Affinity
Definition
Drugs vary widely in their _____, or the readiness with which two molecules join.
Term
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Definition
Within the cell, mitochondria produce the chemical ________, which is used throughout the cell as an energy source.
Term
Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus
Definition
Name the three structures that comprise teh basal ganglia (a part of the brain associated with motor control).
Term
Gray matter is in the cerebral cortex and is made up of mostly cells. White matter is tissue that is concentrated in myelin that surrounds axons beneath the cebral cortex.
Definition
What is the difference between white matter and grey matter?
Term
Supportive and nourishing cells
Definition
What are Glia?
Term
Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala
Definition
What structures of the brain are included in teh telencephalon?
Term
40%
Definition
The sodium potassium pump uses _____% of metabolic resources.
Term
Astrocyte
Definition
Which type of glial cell is active in cleaning up cellular debris?
Term
1st in lateral -> 3rd -> 4th -> subarachnoid space -> absorbed into blood stream
Definition
Describe the flow of CSF.
Term
Limbic, hippocampus, amygdala
Definition
The ___________ system, which includes teh _______ and teh __________ is responsible for emotion, motivation, learning, and memory.
Term
False (pons)
Definition
T/F The thalamus has a large nucleus that relays information from teh cerebral cortex to the cerebellum.
Term
Feeding, fighting, fleeing, mating
Definition
Name the 4 primary survival behaviors that are organized/regulated by the hypothalamus.
Term
The choroid plexus
Definition
What is the source of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain?
Term
Glial; forming myelin sheath around axons
Definition
Oligodendrocytes are a type of ______ cell that is responsible for ________.
Term
Schwann cells
Definition
In the CNS, oligodendrocytes support axons and produce myelin. In teh peripheral nervous system, the same function is performed by ________.
Term
Fissures
Definition
Small grooves in the cerebral cortex are called sulci; large grooves are called _________.
Term
Emotions
Definition
The amygdala is most closely associated with the expression of ________.
Term
Schwann cells; astrocytes
Definition
________ allow for neuron repair in the PNS, whereas ______ inhibit repair of neurons in the CNS.
Term
One-directional
Definition
Whether the neuron is unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar, the refractory period is responsible for _______ movement.
Term
Na+; K+
Definition
A sodium-potassium pump throws out three ___ molecules for every two ______ molecules it allows in.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!