Term
|
Definition
| sluggishness or apparent resistance of an object to change its stat of motions. mass is the measure of inertia |
|
|
Term
| Newtons 2nd Law of Motion |
|
Definition
| force is equal to mass times acceleration (laymen s terms). The acceleration produced by a net force on an object is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, is in the same direction as the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object |
|
|
Term
| Newtons 1st Law of Motion |
|
Definition
| An object at rest remains at rest or it if is in motion it moves with uniform velocity until it is acted on by a resultant force (also known as the law of inertia) |
|
|
Term
| Newtons 3rd Law of Motion |
|
Definition
| for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any influence that tends to accelerate an object; a push or a pull measured in Newtons. Force is a vector quantity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combination of all the forces that act on an object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| EF = 0. On an object or system of objects in mechanical equilibrium, the sum of forces equals zero. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how fast something moves; the distance an object travels per unit of time; the magnitude of velocity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| speed of an object and its direction of motion; a vector quanity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quantity in physics that has both magnitude and direction. exm, force , velocity, acceleration, torque and electric and magnetic fields |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in physics, such as mass, volume, and time that can be completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rate at which an object's velocity changes with time/ acceleration = change of velocity/(divided) time interval |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| force that acts to resist the relative motion of objects or materials that are in contact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quantity of matter in an object (form of energy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the force that an object exerts on a supporting surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| force per surface area where the force is normal to the surface; measured in pascals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| net upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged or immersed object |
|
|
Term
| archimedes Principle (liquid and gas) |
|
Definition
| Relationship between buoyancy and displaced fluid. an immersed object is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a floating object displaces a weight of fluid equal to its own weight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest are transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid and act in all directions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pressure exerted against bodies immersed in the atmosphere resulting from the weight of air pressing down from above |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the product of pressure and volume os a constant for a given mass of confined gas regardless of changes in either pressure of volume individually, as long as temperature remains unchanged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pressure in a fluid along a given streamline decreases as the speed of the fluid increases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure of the average translational kinetic energy per molecule of a substance, measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit or in kelvins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lowest possible temperature that any substance can have |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the energy that flows from on object to another by virtue of a difference in temperature; measured in calories or joules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the total energy stored in the atoms and molecules within a substance. changes in internal energy are of principal concern in thermodynamics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree Celsius, often simply called specific heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In heat, energy transfer from particle to particle within certain materials, or from one material to another when the two are in direct contact. (B) in electricity, the flow of electric charge through a conductor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Means of heat transfer by movement of the heated substance itself, such as by currents in a fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a) energy transmitted by electromagnetic waves. b) the particles given off by radioactive atoms such as uranium. do not confuse radiation with radioactivity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the reate of cooling of an object whether by conduction, convection,k or radiation, is approximately proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| warming effect caused by short-wave-length radiant energy from the Sun that easily enters the atmosphere and is absorbed by Earth, but when radiated at longer wavelengths cannot easily escape Earth's atmosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change of phase from liquid to gas that takes place at the surface of a liquid ; the opposite of condensation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| direct conversion of a substance form the solid to the vapor phase without passing through the liquid phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change of phase of gas into a liquid ; the opposite of evaporation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of melting under pressure and the subsequent refreezing when the pressure is removed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of energy required to change a unit mass of a substance form solid to liquid |
|
|
Term
| latent heat of vaporization |
|
Definition
| the amount of energy required to change a unit mass of a substance form liquid to gas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of heat and its transformation to mechanical energy, characterized by two principal laws |
|
|
Term
| 1st law of thermodynamics |
|
Definition
| a restaement of the law of conservation of energy as it applies to systems involving changed in temperature; whenever heat is added to a system , it transforms to an equal amount of some other form of energy |
|
|
Term
| 2nd law of thermodynamics |
|
Definition
| heat cannot be transferred form a colder body to a hotter body without work being done by an outside agent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure of the disorder of a system. whenever energy freely transforms from one form to another, the direction of transformation is toward a state of greater disorder and therefore toward a state of greater disorder and therefore toward on of greater entropy |
|
|
Term
| What is the net force on a cart that is pulled to the right with 100 pounds and to the left with 30 pounds? |
|
Definition
| Net force is 70 pounds to the right. |
|
|
Term
| why do we say that force is a vector quantity |
|
Definition
| to know the complete value of a force we must know its magnitude and direction. anything that has the magnitude and direction is given the name vector. |
|
|
Term
| can force be expressed in units of pounds and also in units of newtons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the net force on an object that is pulled with 80 newtons to the right and 80 newtons to the left? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the net force on a bag pulled down by gravity with 18 newtons and pulled upward by a rope with 18 newtons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does it mean to say something is in mechanical equilibrium? |
|
Definition
| the sum of all the forces on it are zero and therefore can not accelerate |
|
|
Term
| State the equilibrium rule in symbol notation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| consider the book that weighs 15N at rest on a flat table. how many newtons of support force does the table provide? what is the net force on the book in this case? |
|
Definition
| the table provide a equal force of 15N b)Because it is at rest, it is 0 |
|
|
Term
| when you stand at rest on a bathroom scale, how does your weight compare with the support force by the scale? |
|
Definition
| they have equal magnitudes, the support force shows your weight |
|
|
Term
| a bowling ball at rest is in equilibrium. Is the ball in equilibrium when it moves at constant speed in a straight-line path? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the test for whether or not a moving object is in equilibrium? |
|
Definition
| If an object is not acceleration it is in equilibrium. |
|
|
Term
| If you push on a crate with a force of 100N and it slides at constant velocity, how much is the friction acting on the crate? |
|
Definition
| Also 100N , in the opposite direction, making the net force 0 |
|
|
Term
| what two units of measurement are necessary for describing speed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of speed is registered by an automobile speedometer-average speed or instantaneous speed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| distinguish between instantaneous speed and average speed. |
|
Definition
| instantaneous is at a particular moment where as average is over some time. |
|
|
Term
| what is the average speed in kilometers per hour for a horse that gallops a distance of 15 km in a time of 30min? |
|
Definition
| average speed= total distance covered/time interval. 15/.5=30kmph |
|
|
Term
| how far does a horse travel if it gallops at an average speed of 25km/h for 30 min. |
|
Definition
| speed x time = distance 25x.5=12.5 |
|
|
Term
| distinguish between speed and velocity |
|
Definition
| speed is the rate on which an object changes position. velocity is the speed and direction of an object. |
|
|
