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Physics-Waves and Sound
Topics and Equations for MCAT
23
Physics
Post-Graduate
06/28/2020

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Term
Transverse Waves
Definition

Particle oscillation is perpendicular to wave propagation

ex. Light waves

Term
Longitudinal Waves
Definition

Particle oscillation is parallel to the wave propagation

ex. Sound waves

Term
Velocity of Wave
Definition
v=fλ
Term
Period of Wave
Definition
T=1/f
Term
Principle of Superposition
Definition
When two waves interact it causes the resultant wave to have an amplitude equal to the sum of the 2 waves
Term
Constructive Interference
Definition
When 2 waves are perfectly in phase (0o or 360o) the resulting amplitude is 2x the amplitude of the waves
Term
Destructive Interference
Definition
When 2 waves are perfectly in phase (180o) the resulting amplitude is zero since the amplitude of the waves will cancel each other out
Term
How does sound waves change as they pass through different mediums?
Definition
Sound travels fastest through a solid and slowest through a gas
Term
Doppler Effect Equation
Definition


fo=fs(v±vovvs)

 

f
=fo(v±vdvvs)

 

:where fo is the emitted frequency

Term
Sign Convention of Doppler Effect Equation
Definition

If object is moving away from the other object: Use bottom sign

If object is moving towards other object: Use top sign

Term
Intensity Equation
Definition
I=P/A
Term
Sound Level Equation
Definition
Β=10 log(I/Io) :where Io is the threshold of hearing with a value of 1e-12 W/m2(dB)
Term
Change in Sound Level Equation
Definition
Βfi+log(If/Ii)
Term
Length of Standing Waves: Strings
Definition
L=n(λ/2): where n is the harmonic number (#of antinodes/half-wavelengths)
Term
Wavelength of Standing Waves: Strings
Definition
Term
Wavelength of Standing Waves: Strings
Definition
λ=2L/n :where n is the harmonic number (# of antinodes/half-wavelengths)
Term
Frequency of Standing Waves: Strings
Definition
f=nv/2L :where n is the harmonic number (# of antinodes/half-wavelengths)
Term
Length of Standing Waves: Open Pipes
Definition
L=n(λ/2) :where n is the harmonic number (# of nodes/half-wavelengths)
Term
Wavelength of Standing Waves: Open Pipes
Definition
λ=2L/n :where n is the harmonic number (# of nodes/half-wavelengths)
Term
Frequency of Standing Waves: Open Pipes
Definition
f=nv/2L :where n is the harmonic number (# of nodes/half-wavelengths)
Term
Length of Standing Waves: Closed Pipes
Definition
L=n(λ/4) :where n is the harmonic number and can only be odd number
Term
Wavelength of Standing Waves: Closed Pipes
Definition
λ=4L/n :where n is the harmonic number that can only be odd numbers
Term
Frequency of Standing Waves: Closed Pipes
Definition
f=nv/4L :where n is the harmonic number that can only be odd numbers
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