Term
|
Definition
| In any periodic motion, the maximum distance an onject moves from equilibrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A low-resistance device connected in series that is used to measure the electric current in any branch or part of a circuit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the point with the largest displacement when two wave pulses meet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a combination of two or more lenses with different indices of refraction (such as a concave lens with a convex lens) that is used to minimize a cromatic aberration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a flow of electric charge, or electric current, equal to one coulomb per second |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the oscillation of wave amplitude that results from the superposition of two sound waves with almost identical frequencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a device made up of several galvanic cells connected together that converts chemical energy to electric energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which kinetic energy is transferred when particles collide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of thermal energy transfer that occurs from the motion of fluid in liquid or gas that is caused by differences in temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mirror that reflects light from its outwardly curving surface and produces an upright, reduced, virtual image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a converging lens, thicker at its center than at its edges, that refracts parallel light rays so the rays meet at a point when surrounded by material with a lower index of refraction; can produce a smaller, inverted, real image, or a larger, upright, virtual image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a spherical lens defect in which light passing through a lens is focused at different points, causing an object viewed through a lens to seem to be ringed without color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pleasant set of pitches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a diverging lens, thinner at its middle than at its edges, that spreads out light rays passing though it when surrounded by material with a lower index of refraction; produces a smaller, virtual, upright image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a resonating tube with one end closed to air; its resonant frequencies are odd-numbered multiples of the fundamental |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a color of light, which wen combined with another color of light, produces white light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mirror that reflects light from its inwardly curving surface and can produce either an upright, virtual image or an inverted real image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the certain angle of incidence in which the refracted light ray lies along the boundary between two media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a material, such as copper, through which a charge will move easily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of charging an object without touching it, which can be accomplished by bringing a charged object close to a neutral object, causing separation of charges, then separating the object to be charged, trapping opposite but equal charges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of charging a neutral object by touching it with a charged object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states that the force between two charges varies directly with the product of their charge and inversely with the square of the distance between them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the SI standard unit of charge; one coulomb, C, is the magnitude of the charge of 6.24 x 10^18 electrons or protons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an electric device used to store charge that is made up of two conductors separated by an insulator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ratio of an object's stored charge to its electric potential difference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a flow of positive charges that move from higher potential to lower potential |
|
|
Term
| combination series-parrallel circuit |
|
Definition
| a complex electric circuit that includes both series and parallel branches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an unpleasant, jarring set of pitches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a very small group, usually 10-1000 u, that is formed when the magnetic fields of the electrons in a group of neighboring atoms are aligned in the same direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the change in the frequency of sound caused by the movement of either the source, the sector, or both the detector and the source |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a scattered, fuzzy reflection produced by a rough surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the bending of light around a barrier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pattern on a screen of constructive and destructive interference of Huygens' wavelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a device consisting of large numbers of single slits that are quite close together, diffract light, and form a diffraction pattern that is an overlap of single-slit diffraction patterns; can be used to precisely measure light wavelength or to separate light of different wavelengths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure of the disorder in a system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for resistors in a series, is the sum of all the individual resistances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a magnet created when current flows through a wire coil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an apparatus that converts electric energy into rotational kinetic energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of electric charges that can be collected and held in one place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the magnitude of the charge of an electron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the field that exists around any charged object; produces forces that can do work, transferring energy from the field to another charged object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lines that provide a picture of an electric field, indicate the field's strength by the spacing between the lines, never cross, and are directed toad negative charges and away from positive charges |
|
|
Term
| electric potential difference |
|
Definition
| the charge in potential energy per unit charge in an electric field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a flow of charged particles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a closed loop or pathway that allows electric charges to flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the electric potential difference of zero between two or more positions in an electric field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a device that is used to detect electric charges and consists of a metal knob connected by a metal stem to two thin metal leaves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a vision defect in which a person can not see close objects clearly because images are focused behind the retina; can be corrected with a convex lens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method used to determine the direction of a magnetic field relative to the direction of conventional current |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for a musical instrument, the lowest frequency of sound that will resonate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the point where incident light rays that are parallel to the principal axis converge after reflecting from the mirror |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the position of the focal point with respect to the mirror along the principal axis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of removing excess charge by touching an object to earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a device that is used to measure very small currents; can be used as a voltmeter or an ammeter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy transferred between two objects in contact with one another and always flows from the hotter object to the cooler object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount go heat required to change 1 kg of a substance from a solid state to a liquid state at its melting point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a device that continuously converts thermal energy to mechanical energy; requires a high-temperature thermal energy source, a low-temperature receptacle (a sink), and away to convert the thermal energy into work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states that the force acting on a spring is directly proportional to the amount that the spring is stretched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of heat required to change 1 kg of a substance form a liquid state to a gaseous state at its boiling point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| higher frequencies, which are odd-numbered multiples of the fundamental frequency; giver certain musical instruments their own unique timbre |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy transferred between two objects in contact with one another and always flows from the hotter object to the cooler object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount go heat required to change 1 kg of a substance from a solid state to a liquid state at its melting point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a device that continuously converts thermal energy to mechanical energy; requires a high-temperature thermal energy source, a low-temperature receptacle (a sink), and away to convert the thermal energy into work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states that the force acting on a spring is directly proportional to the amount that the spring is stretched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of heat required to change 1 kg of a substance form a liquid state to a gaseous state at its boiling point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| higher frequencies, which are odd-numbered multiples of the fundamental frequency; giver certain musical instruments their own unique timbre |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for a medium, is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in that medium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the rate at which light strikes a surface, or falls on a unit area; is a measured in lumens per square meter, lm/m62, or lux, lx. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results from the superposition of two or more waves; can be constructive (wave displacements in the same direction) or destructive (waves with equal but opposite amplitudes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a wave that strikes a boundary between two media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an object, such as the moon, hat becomes visible as a result of the light reflecting ogg it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a material, such as glass, through which a charge will not move easily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an energy unit used by electric companies to measure energy sales: 1 kWh is equal to 1000 watts, W, delivered continuously for 3600 s (1 h). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of selection.
States that the angle a reflected ray makes, as measured from the normal to a reflective surface, equals the angle the incident ray makes, as measured from the same normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the rate at which light energy is emitted from a luminous source; is measured in lumens, lm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an object, such as the sun or an incandescent lamp, that emits light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mechanical wave in which the disturbance is in the same direction, or parallel to, the direction of wave motion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sound intensity as sensed by the ear and interpreted by the brain; depends mainly on the pressure wave's amplitude |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area around a magnet, or around any current-carrying wire or coil of wire, where a magnetic force exists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of magnetic field lines that pass through a surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the unit of measurement for sound level; also can describe the power and intensity of sound waves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the separation of white light into a spectrum of colors by such means as a glass prism or water droplets in the atmosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the stationary pint where two equal wave pulses meet and are in the same location, having a displacement of zero |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the line in a ray diagram that shows the direction of the barrier and is drawn at a right angle, or perpendicular to the barrier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a vision defect in which a person cannot see distant objects clearly because images are focused in front of the retina; can be corrected with a concave lens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an atom whose positively charged nucleus exactly balances the negative charge of the surrounding electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount that an image is enlarged or reduced in size relative to the object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a piece of transparent material, such as glass or plastic, that is used to focus light and form an image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of complete oscillations that a wave makes each second; is measured in hertz, hz |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a medium that absorbs light and reflects some light rather than transmitting it, preventing objects from being seen through it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A resonating tube with both ends open that also will resonate with a sound source; its resonant frequencies are whole-number multiples of the fundamental |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any motion that repeats in a regular cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mechanical wave that moves up and down at the same rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the highness or lowness of a sound wave, which depends on the frequency of vibration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red, green, blue, which can be combined to form white light and mixed in pairs to produce secondary colors: yellow, cyan and magenta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cyan, magenta and yellow, each of which absorbs one primary color from white light and reflects two primary colors; can be iced in pairs to produce the secondary pignuts: red green and blue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a straight line perpendicular to the surface of a mirror that divides the mirror in half |
|
|
Term
| principle of superposition |
|
Definition
| states that the displacement of a medium caused by two or more waves is the algebraic sum of the displacements of the individual waves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of electric circuit in which there are several current paths; its total current is equal to the sum of the currents in the individual branches, and if any branch is opened, the current in the other branches remind unchanged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in any periodic motion, the amount of time required for an object to repeat one complete cycle of motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a device that can be demonstrate simple harmonic motion when its bob (a massive ball or weight), suspended by a string or light rod, is pulled to one side and released, causing it to swing back and forth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
light whose waves oscillate only in a single plan.
For a magnet, describes the property of having two distance, opposite ends, one of which is a north seeking pole and the other of which is a south-seeking pole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a flat, smooth surface from which light is reflected by regular reflection, producing a virtual image that is the same size as the object, has the same orientation, and is the same distance from the mirror as the object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of connection in which the circuit component and the voltmeter are aligned parallel to one another in the circuit, the potential difference across the circuit element, and there are two or more current paths to follow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a special form of simple harmonic motion that occurs when small forces are applied at regular intervals to an oscillating or vibrating object and the amplitude of the vibration increases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an erect or inverted returning wave that results from some of the energy of the incident wave's pulse being reflected backward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a model that represents light as a ray that travels in a straight path, whose direction can be changed only by putting an obstruction in the path |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a line that can show the direction a wave is traveling and is drawn at a right angle to a wave's crest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the change in direction of waves at the boundary between two different media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the thermal transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves through the vacuum of space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a property that determines how much current will flow; equal to voltage divided by current |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a device with a specific resistance; may be made of long thin words; graphite; or semiconductors and often is used to control the current in circuits or parts of the circuits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inverted optical image that is smaller than the object and is formed by the converging of light rays |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of energy that must be added to a material to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one temperature unit; is measured in j/kg * k |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mechanical wave in which the particles move both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of wave motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a reflection produced by a smooth surface in which parallel light rays are reflected in parallel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a motion that occurs when the resorting force on an object is directly proportional to the objects displacement from equilibrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yellow, cyan, and magenta, each of which is produced by combining two primary colors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red, green, and blue, each of which absorbs two primary colors from white light and reflects one primary color; can be produced by mixing airs of cyan, magenta, and yellow pigments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the image defect of a spherical mirror that does to allow parallel light rays far from the principal axis to converge at the focal point, and produces an image that is fuzzy, not sharp. |
|
|
Term
| Snell's law of refraction |
|
Definition
| states that the product of the index of refraction of a medium and the sine of the angle of incidence equals the product of the index of refraction of a second medium and the sine of the angle of refraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of electric circuit in which all current travels though each device and is the same everywhere; is current is equal to the potential difference divided by the equivalent resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a long coil of wire with many loops; fields from each loop add to the fields of the other loops, creating a greater total field strength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a wave that appears to be standing still, produced by the interference of two traveling wave s moving in the opposite direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pressure variation transmitted though matter as a longitudinal wave; it reflects and interferes and has frequency, wavelength, and speed, and amplitude. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a logarithmic scale that measures amplitudes; depends on the ratio of the pressure variation of a particular sound wave to the pressure variation in the most faintly heard sound; unit of measurement is the decibel, dB. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a very low resistance circuit is formed, causing a very large current that could easily start a fire from overheated wires |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of connection in which there is only a single current path |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a material with zero resistance that can conduct electricity without a loss of energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method used to determine the direction of the field produced by an electromagnet, relative to the flow of conventional current |
|
|
Term
| total internal reflection |
|
Definition
| occurs when light traveling though an area with a higher index of refraction to an area with a lower index of refraction hits a boundary at an angle that exceeds the critical angle and all light reflects back into the area with the higher index of refraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the state in which the rate of energy flow between two objects is equal and the objects are at the same temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mechanical wave that vibrates perpendicular to the direction of the wave's motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method that can be used to determine the direction of the force on a current carrying wire in a magnetic field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a medium that transmit light and also can reflect a fraction of the light, but does not allow objets to be seen clearly through it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a medium that transmit light and also can reflect a fraction of the light, allowing objects to be seen clearly through it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states that the inverse of the focal length of a spherical lens equals the sum of the inverses of the image position and the object position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a phenomenon in which a spectrum of colors is produced due to the constructive and destructive interference of light waves reflected in a thin film |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself, such as from crest to crest or from trough to trough |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a line representing the crest of a wave in two dimensions that can show the wavelength but not the amplitude, of the wave when drawn to scale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the image formed of diverging light rays, is always on the opposite side of the mirror from the object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a series circuit that is used to produce a voltage source of desired magnitude from a higher-voltage battery; often is used with sensors such as photo resistors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disturbance that carries energy through matter or space; transfers energy without transferring matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a high-resistance device used to measure the voltage drop across any portion or combination of portions of a circuit and is connected in parallel with the part of the circuit being measured |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a single disturbance or pulse that travels through a medium |
|
|
