Term
In medicine, what does the initials "PHI" indicate?
A. Protected health information
B. Personal heart index
C. Personal health information
D. Private health institute |
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Definition
A. Protected health information
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Term
You are asked to perform an ultrasound study of a structure located about 3 cm below the skin surface. Which transducer frequency range would be most appropriate for this study?
A. 10-12 MHz
B. 2-5 MHz
C. 4-8 MHz
D. 8-10 MHz |
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Definition
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Term
A commonly used material in modern transducer elements is:
A. Tungsten powder and epoxy resin
B. quartz
C. lead ziconate tiantae
D. rubber |
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Definition
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Term
Without interpolation, which of the following would best describe the resultant B-mode image?
A. Very weak echoes in the far field compared to the near field
B. Poor differentiation between the ultrasound signal and the noise floor
C. saturation of the white shades on the ultrasound monitor
D. a series of scan lines with blank data between the lines |
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Definition
| D. a series of scan lines with blank data between the lines |
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Term
Which of the following would show the highest intensity value?
A. SATP
B. SATA
C. SPTP
D. SPPA |
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Definition
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Term
What control should you adjust to better compensate for the attenuation of the sound as it propagates through tissue?
A. dynamic range
B. time gain compensation
C. acoustic power output
D. rejection |
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Definition
B. time gain compensation
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Term
What two conditions must be present to cause refraction of a sound wave?
A. Oblique incidence and different media propagation speeds
B. Perpendicular incidence and identical media propagation speeds
C. Oblique incidence and reflector size smaller than on wavelength
D. Normal incidence and reflector size smaller than one wavelength |
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Definition
| A. Oblique incidence and different media propagation speeds |
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Term
You have decreased the acoustic power by -3dB. Which of the following most accurately describes this adjustment?
A. The intensity has been halved
B. The intensity has be quadrupled
C. The intensity has increased 10 times
D. The intensity has not been altered |
|
Definition
A. The intensity has been halved
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Term
Which of the following is most likely to decrease beam intensity?
A. increasing beam area
B. increasing acoustic output
C. increasing focusing
D. increasing amplitude |
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Definition
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Term
What effect will you see in the image if you increase the reject level?
A. increased number of shades of gray
B. decreased low level echoes
C. decreased frame rate
D. decreased scanning depth |
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Definition
B. decreased low level echoes
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Term
Which of the following actions is NOT compliant with HIPAA?
A. Cropping all the patient identifiers from images used for teaching purposes
B. Refrain from disclosing patient health information without proper authorization
C. Reviewing your neighbor's medical studies on your hospital PACS
D. All of these actions are compliant with HIPAA |
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Definition
| C. Reviewing your neighbor's medical studies on your hospital PACS |
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Term
Which of the following properties would result in increased propagation speed of sound through a medium?
A. increases stiffness
B. increased density
C. increased frequency
D. increased distance |
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Definition
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Term
Using a hydrophone you can measure:
A. Impedance
B. Pressure amplitude
C. Duty factor
D. B and C only |
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Definition
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Term
While performing an echo, you wish to increase the frame rate to evaluate the fetal heart. What should you do?
A. increase scan line density
B. increase the number of focal zones
C. decrease the system pulse repetition frequency
D. decrease the sector width |
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Definition
A. increase scan line density
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Term
The propagation speed for sound is lowest in which of the following biological tissues?
A. fat
B. blood
C. muscle
D. bone |
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Definition
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Term
What would you change if the image does not show adequate penetration and the far field displays noise instead of tissue?
A. Turn on compound imaging
B. Move the focal position to a more superficial location
C. Use an acoustic stand-off pad
D. Decrease transmit frequency |
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Definition
| D. Decrease transmit frequency |
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Term
What effect will you detect in the image if you increase the threshold control?
A. increased image brightness
B. decreased image brightness
C. decreased appearance of weak echo signals
D. increased appearance of strong echo signals |
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Definition
C. decreased appearance of weak echo signals
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Term
Electronic steering is most commonly applied to which of the following real time transducers?
A. annular array
B. sequential linear array
C. mechanical sector
D. phased array |
|
Definition
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Term
Which display mode may be used to calculate distance measurements?
A. A mode
B. B mode
C. M mode
D. all of the above |
|
Definition
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Term
What is the purpose of gel coupling between the transducer and the skin?
A. To reduce heating of the epidermis caused by sound absorption and friction
B. To soften the skin and soothe the patient
C. To provide a medium for sound transmission since ultrasound does not propagate through air
D. To reduce the impedance differences between the transducer and the skin |
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Definition
| C. To provide a medium for sound transmission since ultrasound does not propagate through air |
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Term
Digital to analog conversion of the ultrasound signal must occur at what part of the imaging process?
A. between the transducer and the receiver
B. between the beam former and the transducer
C. between the receiver and the scan converter
D. between the scan converter and the display |
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Definition
| D. between the scan converter and the display |
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Term
You are performing a sonographic exam and select the tissue harmonics operating mode. What advantage will you obtain over conventional imaging?
A. improved contrast resolution
B. improved penetration
C. improved temporal resolution
D. increased bandwidth |
|
Definition
A. improved contrast resolution
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Term
You are performing an echo on a large patient. Which transducer would provide the LEAST amount of signal attenuation?
A. 2.5 MHz
B. 3.5 MHz
C. 5.0 MHz
D. 7.5 MHz |
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Definition
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Term
You are scanning an interface with a high acoustic impedance mismatch. How will this be displayed on the B mode image?
A. tall spike
B. small spike
C. bright dot
D. dark dot |
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Definition
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Term
What can you do to achieve a higher frame rate?
A. decreased the number of focal zones
B. decrease the line density
C. decrease the sector width
D. all of the above |
|
Definition
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Term
During a sonographic exam of a large vessel, a 45 degree beam-to-vessel angle would be called:
A. oblique incidence
B. normal incidence
C. perpendicular incidence
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The conversion of an incident pressure wave to an electrical signal is the:
A. curie effect
B. piezeoelectric effect
C. doppler effect
D. snell effect |
|
Definition
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Term
What is meant by the term 4D imaging in sonography?
A. 3D imaging with the addition of time or "live scan"
B. 3D imaging with rendering
C. 3D imaging with transparent views
D. 3D imaging with rotational movie |
|
Definition
A. 3D imaging with the addition of time or "live scan"
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Term
As you perform a sonogram, you switch from a 3.5 MHz transducer to a 7.0 MHz transducer to image a superficial structure. Compared to the 3.5 MHz transducer, what will the 7.0 MHz attenuation rate and wavelength be?
A. Double the attenuation rate, 1/2 the wavelength
B. Double the attenuation rate, double the wavelength
C. 1/4 the attenuation rate, 1/2 the wavelength
D. 1/2 the attenuation rate, double the wavelength |
|
Definition
| A. Double the attenuation rate, 1/2 the wavelength |
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Term
Which of the following adjustments would NOT decrease frame rate?
A. increasing the # of transmit focal zones
B. increasing scanning depth
C. increasing receiver gain
D. increasing sector width |
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Definition
C. increasing receiver gain
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Term
When you adjust the TGC, what component of the ultrasound system implements the changes?
A. pulser
B. receiver
C. monitor
D. scan converter |
|
Definition
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Term
When an electrical signal is applied to a piezoelectric element, what happens to the element?
A. It undergoes temperature fluctuations
B. It expands and contracts
C. It produces an electrical signal of the opposite polarity
D. It emits electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
B. It expands and contracts
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Term
When you are educating your patient about the sonographic exam, sound travels through air from your mouth to the patient's ears. Which of the following is true regarding the speed of sound travel through air?
A. The speed of sound in air is greater than the speed of light
B. The speed of sound in air is greater than the speed of sound in soft tissue
C. The speed of sound in air is not predictable
D. The speed of sound in air is slower than the speed of sound in soft tissue |
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Definition
| D. The speed of sound in air is slower than the speed of sound in soft tissue |
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Term
The matching later between the piezeelectric element and the tissue is designed to:
A. Insulate the patient from the hot element
B. Reduce the vibration of the transducer
C. Reduce the acoustic impedance mismatch between the element and tissue
D. Increase the reflection coefficient at the transducer skin interface |
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Definition
| C. Reduce the acoustic impedance mismatch between the element and tissue |
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Term
While performing an ultrasound exam, you decide to adjust the system settings to improve the image. Which of the following is NOT user-adjustable?
A. frequency
B. power
C. gain
D. echo arrival time |
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Definition
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Term
If you increase PRF to a level too great for the depth of field, the result will be:
A. increased side lobes
B. increasing grating lobes
C. range ambiguity
D. decreased frame rate |
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Definition
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Term
The number of images displayed per second in real time imaging is termed the:
A. pulse repetition frequency
B. pulse repetition period
C. frame rate
D. pulse duration |
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Definition
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Term
Increasing the frequency on a multi frequency transducer from 3.5 MHz to 5.0 MHz will:
A. Increase the sound propagation speed
B. increase the pulse length
C. increase penetration
D. decrease the wavelength |
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Definition
| D. decrease the wavelength |
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Term
What control would you adjust to alter the dynamic range of the displayed echoes?
A. compression
B. transmit power
C. scanning depth
D. time gain compensation |
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Definition
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Term
Regions of low pressure and density that are formed during sound propagation are termed:
A. compressions
B. shear waves
C. rarefractions
D. cavitation |
|
Definition
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Term
You have decreased the image sector width. Which of the following will most likely change as a result of this adjustment?
A. frame rate
B. axial resolution
C. elevational resolution
D. bandwidth |
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Definition
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Term
What system control determines the amount of amplification that occurs in the receiver?
A. gain
B. acoustic power output
C. rectification
D. pulse repetition frequency |
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Definition
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Term
Spatial pulse length is equal to:
A. The wavelength times the # of cycles in the pulse
B. The wavelength minus the # of cycles in the pulse
C. The wavelength times the axial resolution
D. The wavelength times the beam width |
|
Definition
A. The wavelength times the # of cycles in the pulse
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Term
As a general observation about media in diagnostic sonography, sound propagates faster in materials with greater:
A. compressibillity
B. acoustic impedance
C. stiffness
D. RI |
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Definition
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Term
What term describes the ability of an imaging device to separate closely spaced objects?
A. resolution
B. seperation
C. quality assurance
D. spectral doppler |
|
Definition
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Term
Bulk modulus is closely related to which of the following qualities?
A. attenuation
B. frequency
C. wavelength
D. stiffness |
|
Definition
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Term
What system control should you adjust to compensate for sound attenuation with increasing depth?
A. dynamic range
B. TGC
C. transmit power
D. overall receiver gain |
|
Definition
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Term
Choose two benefits of tissue harmonic imaging.
A. Grating lobe artifacts are reduced and lateral resolution is improved
B. Axial and lateral resolutions are improved
C. Contrast and axial resolution are improved
D. Penetration is improved and axial resolution is improved |
|
Definition
A. Grating lobe artifacts are reduced and lateral resolution is improved
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Term
If the number of cycles in the transmitted pulsed wave is increased:
A. Axial resolution is degraded
B. Lateral resolution is degraded
C. Spatial pulse length becomes shorter
D. Rate of attenuation is increased |
|
Definition
A. Axial resolution is degraded
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Term
In order to focus a sound beam relatively far away from the probe, it is important to:
A. increase the thickness of the element
B. increase the diameter of the element
C. decrease the width of the element
D. decrease the frequency of the element |
|
Definition
B. increase the diameter of the element
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Term
Which of the following parameters relates to tissue heating?
A. absorption
B. impedance
C. refraction
D. all of the above |
|
Definition
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Term
Which action would decrease the frame rate?
A. increasing pulse repetition frequency
B. increasing acoustic scan line density
C. decreasing sector width
D. decreasing the number of focal zones |
|
Definition
B. increasing acoustic scan line density
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Term
Which of the following is associated with improper adjustment of the brightness and contrast on the video monitor?
A. A spatial resolution of the resultant image will be degraded
B. The operator will likely overgain or undergain the image
C. The temporal resolution will be reduced
D. The flicker rate of the video monitor will be increased |
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Definition
| B. The operator will likely overgain or undergain the image |
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Term
If you wish to use an array transducer that allows you to control transmit focal depth, what type would you select?
A. linear array
B. convex array
C. phased array
D. any of the above |
|
Definition
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Term
Wavelength depends on what two factors?
A. frequency and amplitude
B. frequency and propagation speed
C. amplitude and propagation speed
D. period and frequency |
|
Definition
B. frequency and propagation speed
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Term
The term duty factor is defined as:
A. The fraction of time the transducer is actively transmitting sound
B. The fraction of time the transducer is actively receiving sound
C. The fraction of time between the transmitted and received sound pulse
D. The fraction of time between transmitted sound pulses |
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Definition
| A. The fraction of time the transducer is actively transmitting sound |
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Term
The term for a transducer that has an array of rectangular elements arranged in a straight line is:
A. annular array
B. linear array
C. curved array
D. oscillating mechanical transducer |
|
Definition
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Term
An echo from which one of the following sound reflectors is most dependent on an angle of incidence?
A. rayleigh scatterer
B. diffuse reflector
C. specular reflector
D. acoustic scatterer |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT associated with a low Q transducer?
A. Long pulse length
B. Wide bandwidth
C. Diagnostic pulsed wave ultrasound
D. Multi frequency selection |
|
Definition
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Term
To generate a sonographic image, what is the order in which the following system components are activated?
A. pulser, receiver, display, beam former, memory
B. pulser, beam former, receiver, memory, display
C. beam former, pulser, memory, display, receiver
D. memory, beam former, pulser, receiver display |
|
Definition
| B. pulser, beam former, receiver, memory, display |
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Term
You are imaging with a 5 MHz linear array transducer. What sound parameter stays constant as the beam propagates through the tissue?
A. frequency
B. intensity
C. amplitude
D. none of the above |
|
Definition
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Term
What is the purpose of subdicing?
A. To focus the beam upon transmit
B. To reduce grating lobes
C. To increase transmitted intensity
D. To alter the transmitted frequency |
|
Definition
B. To reduce grating lobes
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Term
Which of the following transducers produces side lobes?
A. mechanical sector
B. linear sequential array
C. phased array
D. all of the above |
|
Definition
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Term
You have been requested to image a superficial mass and to adjust your equipment to optomize spatial resolution. Spatial resolution consists of:
A. Contrast and temporal resolution
B. Temporal and axial resolution
C. Lateral and axial resolution
D. Contrast and lateral resolution |
|
Definition
C. Lateral and axial resolution
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Term
You have increased the transmit power while performing an echo. This action increases which of the following?
A. penetration
B. acoustic power
C. image brightness
D. all of the above |
|
Definition
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Term
Which of the following minimizes the degree to which beam width varies with depth?
A. apodization
B. dynamic aperture
C. rectification
D. frame averaging |
|
Definition
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|
Term
During an echo, you adjust the system parameters to improve the image. Which of the following parameters would increase acoustic exposure?
A. increase gain
B. increase TGC
C. increase frequency
D. increase the transmit power |
|
Definition
| D. increase the transmit power |
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Term
What type of focusing decreases the frame rate?
A. mechanical focusing
B. dynamic receive focusing
C. dynamic aperture focusing
D. multiple transmit focusing |
|
Definition
| D. multiple transmit focusing |
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Term
Which receiver function listed below is NOT operator-adjustable?
A. amplification
B. compensation
C. demodulation
D. rejection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What determines the speed of sound?
A. Medium through which sound passes through
B. Frequency of sound wave
C. Attenuation of sound wave
D. Reflection of sound wave |
|
Definition
A. Medium through which sound passes through
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Term
The elapsed time between the transmitted pulse and the detected echo is 26 microseconds. How far is the interface from the transducer?
A. 1 cm
B. 2 cm
C. 3 cm
D. 4 cm |
|
Definition
|
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Term
What is the advantage of using multiple transmit focal zones?
A. increased lateral resolution
B. increased temporal resolution
C. increased elevation resolution
D. increased axial resolution |
|
Definition
A. increased lateral resolution
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Term
Of the following, which is the best choice to help you demonstrate tissue boundaries that are not perpendicular to the sound beam?
A. speckle reducing algorithm
B. spatial compounding
C. persistence
D. panoramic imaging |
|
Definition
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Term
Which of the following does not affect the time required to create one image frame?
A. transducer aperture
B. # of transmit focal zones
C. # of acoustic scan lines
D. image depth setting |
|
Definition
|
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Term
The spectrum of frequencies emitted by a pulsed wave transducer is known as:
A. Reynolds number
B. Center frequency
C. F number
D. bandwidth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
While performing a sonographic exam, you increase both imaging depth and scan line density. These adjustments produce the following result:
A. Reduced temporal resolution
B. Reduced contrast resolution
C. improved axial resolution
D. reduced lateral resolution |
|
Definition
A. Reduced temporal resolution
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Term
The spatial resolution of the scan is determined by:
A. binumber of pixels in the scan converter matrix
B. numbers of bits per pixel
C. the post processing settings
D. interpolation scheme |
|
Definition
A. binumber of pixels in the scan converter matrix
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|
Term
12 kHz can also be expressed as:
A. 12,000 Hz
B. 0.12 Hz
C. 1200 Hz
D. 1.2 MHz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following describe diffuse reflection?
A. The reflected beam is scattered in various directions
B. The reflected frequency is altered by the Doppler effect
C. The reflected beam is amplified by the focusing effect of scatterers
D. The reflected beam is weakened by the large acoustic impedance mismatch |
|
Definition
| A. The reflected beam is scattered in various directions |
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Term
The transfer of acoustic energy into heat is termed:
A. scattering
B. diffusion
C. absorption
D. refraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Imaging rate decreases when you:
A. decreased frequency
B. increase dynamic range
C. increase frame averaging
D. increase sector width |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pulsing of the transmitted sound wave is necessary for real-time imaging because:
A. The transducer becomes too hot to handle if continuous sound waves are emitted
B. The crystal in the transducer will break under the stress of continuous emissions
C. The depth of the interface from which the echo originated can be determined
D. Lateral resolution is improved by pulsed transmission |
|
Definition
| C. The depth of the interface from which the echo originated can be determined |
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Term
You are performing a sonogram on a patient with highly attenuating tissue. Which of the following solutions would be most likely to improve penetration through the tissue?
A. Choose a lower frequency transducer
B. decrease dynamic range
C. decrease the near field TGC
D. increase the scan line density |
|
Definition
| A. Choose a lower frequency transducer |
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Term
What control should you adjust to modify the image if the attenuation coefficient of the tissue is very high?
A. dynamic range
B. rejection
C. threshold
D. compensation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Where are images stored in the ultrasound system?
A. pulser
B. receiver
C. beam former
D. scan converter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When you change the transmit frequency, which of the following is altered?
A. displacement amplitude of the particles in the medium
B. speed at which the sound wave propagates through medium
C. number of cycles per second
D. pulses transmitted per second |
|
Definition
C. number of cycles per second
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|
Term
The term signal to noise ratio denotes:
A. The ratio of electronic noise to the radio frequency noise
B. The ratio of the system power to the weakest detectable signal
C. The relative amplitude of the signal compared to the amplitude of the noise
D. The ratio of the largest to the smallest signal that the system can display |
|
Definition
| D. The ratio of the largest to the smallest signal that the system can display |
|
|
Term
You are using a liner array transducer with 4 transmit focal zones. How many pulses are required on each scan line to create the image?
A. one
B. two
C. four
D. six |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What term is used to describe the reduction in the intensity of sound as it propagates through tissue?
A. diffraction
B. refraction
C. attenuation
D. absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What sound parameter is determined by the medium only?
A. frequency
B. period
C. intensity
D. propagation speed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pulse repetition period is the inverse of:
A. duty factor
B. pulse repetition frequency
C. frame rate
D. pulse duration |
|
Definition
B. pulse repetition frequency
|
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|
Term
What action below would be most in keeping with ALARA principle while performing an ultrasound exam?
A. Allow multiple students to scan an OB patient because the fetus is in a good position
B. Extend the exam beyond the intended scope of the exam requisition
C. Maximize output power to brighten the overall image
D. Complete the diagnostic scan in a timely fashion at the lowest output power that achieves a quality image |
|
Definition
| D. Complete the diagnostic scan in a timely fashion at the lowest output power that achieves a quality image |
|
|
Term
In sound wave propagation, a region of elevated pressure is termed:
A. demodulation
B. compression
C. quarters
D. none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Axial resolution is chiefly determined by:
A. beam width
B. transducer diameter
C. pulse duration
D. line density |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Resolution of two structures at different depths along the path of the sound beam is formed:
A. contrast resolution
B. temporal resolution
C. axial resolution
D. lateral resolution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Increasing which of the following will result in improved axial resolution?
A. pulse duration
B. pulse length
C. frequency
D. period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What defines the best axial resolution that can be obtained with a given transducer?
A. spatial pulse length * 2
B. spatial pulse length * 4
C. spatial pulse length / 2
D. spatial pulse length / 4 |
|
Definition
C. spatial pulse length / 2
|
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|
Term
Preprocessing functions may be defined as:
A. Any function that can be performed on a frozen image
B. A function that takes place in the beam-former and is not controllable by the operator
C. A function that allows increased focusing out of the sound beam
D. A function that is performed before the echo data are stores in memory |
|
Definition
| D. A function that is performed before the echo data are stores in memory |
|
|
Term
Varying the excitation voltage to each element in the group used to form the ultrasound pulse is called:
A. apodization
B. dynamic aperture
C. subduing
D. rectification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which statement is NOT true regarding lateral resolution?
A. It is equal to beam width
B. It is also known as azimuthal resolution
C. It remains constant throughout scanning depth
D. It is improved by focusing |
|
Definition
C. It remains constant throughout scanning depth
|
|
|
Term
Which prefix equals 10 (-3)?
A. milli
B. micro
C. mega
D. centi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is an assumption of sonographic imaging that determines how detected echoes are mapped in the image?
A. Sound waves travel along curved paths
B. Velocity is a constant 333 m/s
C. Echoes originate from the most recently transmitted pulse
D. Large structures yield a high brightness level on the display |
|
Definition
| C. Echoes originate from the most recently transmitted pulse |
|
|
Term
When you "freeze" the ultrasound image, where is the echo information stored?
A. transducer
B. scan converter
C. cable
D. beam former |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
You are reviewing an ultrasound image that has a sector display format that narrows to a point at the transducer surface. What kind of transducer was most likely used to acquire this image?
A. linear array
B. phased array
C. curved array
D. annular array |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Relative measurement of intensity based on logarithmic scale is expressed in:
A. Newtons per cm^2
B. Wcm^2
C. decibles
D. pascals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Axial resolution is improved with:
A. increased bandwidth
B. shorter pulse length
C. shorter wavelength
D. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Increased tissue heating could occur when you:
A. decrease frequency
B. increase transmit power
C. decrease exposure time
D. all of the above |
|
Definition
B. increase transmit power
|
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|
Term
You are performing a sonographic exam with a wide-bandwidth transducer. The advantage you obtain with this transducer compared to narrow band transducer is:
A. Decreased acoustic power output
B. Improved axial resolution
C. Improved focusing
D. Improved lateral resolution |
|
Definition
B. Improved axial resolution
|
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|
Term
What component of the US system converts the electrical energy provided by the pulser into acoustic pulses transmitted into the patient?
A. transducer
B. receiver
C. scan converter
D. memory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A transducer with a small acoustic footprint has which of the following disadvantage?
A. The Q value is very high
B. The field of view in the near field is only 1/4 the diameter of the transducer
C. Resolution is degraded at large distances
D. It cannot be focused in the elevation direction |
|
Definition
C. Resolution is degraded at large distances
|
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Term
What array transducer fires all of the elements for each acoustic scan line, using small time delays to steer the beam?
A. linear segmental array
B. convex array
C. annular array
D. phased array |
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Definition
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You notice the image in the far field is less bright compared to the near field. This is due to:
A. sound attenuation
B. propagation speed variation
C. refraction
D. diffraction |
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Definition
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Power divided by the beam area is equal to the:
A. probe angle
B. speed of sound
C. intensity
D. attenuation |
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Which of the following human tissues has the highest rate of attenuation of an ultrasound wave?
A. liver
B. fat
C. fluid
D. lung |
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When you patient asks how much longer the ultrasound test will take, his voice is in the audible frequency range. Which of the following frequencies is in the audible frequency range?
A. 100 MHz
B. 10 kHz
C. 10 Hz
D. 10,000 Hz |
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Dynamic apodization is a method employed to:
A. Focus the beam at multiple depths on transmit
B. Focus the beam at multiple depths on receive
C. Reduce side lobes
D. Reduce beam width in the z axis |
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Definition
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What control allows the user to freeze and then scroll back through the most recently acquired image frames?
A. cineloop
B. read zoom
C. write zoom
D. archive |
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Definition
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What is the purpose of the preamplification of the incoming signal that occurs in the transducer assembly?
A. To decrease the dynamic range of the signal
B. To increase echo voltages before noise is induced through the cable
C. To reduce sensitivity to side lobes
D. To compensate for attenuation of the beam width depth |
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Definition
| B. To increase echo voltages before noise is induced through the cable |
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You have expanded the image sector width to improve visualization of a large mass. What can you do to maintain the same temporal resolution you had before your adjustment?
A. Decrease the number of focal zones
B. Increase the digitization bit depth
C. Decrease the number of pixels in the image matrix
D. Increase the # of scan lines |
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Definition
| A. Decrease the number of focal zones |
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You have selected a wide-bandwidth transducer with multiple transmit frequencies to perform a sonographic examination. Which transmit frequency should you select for maximum penetration?
A. 3.0 MHz
B. 3.5 MHz
C. 4.0 MHz
D. 5.0 MHz |
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The 'M" in M-mode stands for:
A. motion
B. magnetic
C. megahertz
D. manual |
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Definition
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Which of the following frequency would have the thinnest crystal?
A. 15 MHz
B. 10 MHz
C. 7 MHz
D. 5 MHz |
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Definition
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the receiver?
A. amplification
B. RF to video conversion
C. demodulation
D. dynamic aperture |
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Definition
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What control could you adjust to improve the signal-to-noise ratio on the image?
A. dynamic range
B. frame averaging
C. gray scale map
D. edge enhancement |
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Definition
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With A-mode, the strength of the echo signal is represented by:
A. The brightness of the dot
B. The brightness of the spike
C. The distance between two spikes
D. The height of the spike |
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Definition
| D. The height of the spike |
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What system control converts the numbers stored in memory to proportional voltages that control the brightness on a CRT (cathode ray tube) monitor?
A. analog to digital converter
B. digital to analog converter
C. cathode ray tube
D. receiver |
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Definition
B. digital to analog converter
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Which operator control most directly adjusts the intensity of the transmitted pulse?
A. Acoustic output (transmit) power
B. Receiver gain
C. TGC
D. Pulse repetition frequency |
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Definition
A. Acoustic output (transmit) power
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Which of the following does NOT affect impedance?
A. stiffness
B. propagation speed
C. density
D. frequency |
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Definition
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What system control do you adjust to equalize the differences in echo amplitudes received from similar structures situated at different depths?
A. dynamic range of compression
B. rectification
C. time gain compensation
D. pulse repetition frequency |
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Definition
C. time gain compensation
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The transducer you are using is an array assembly. What is an advantage of this type of transducer?
A. Transducer arrays produce pure, single-frequency beams
B. Transducer arrays enable mechanical steering
C. Transducer arrays produce very long pulses for improved axial resolution
D. Transducer arrays enable electronic focusing and steering |
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Definition
| D. Transducer arrays enable electronic focusing and steering |
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Which of the following describes an analog signal?
A. discrete values
B. fixed steps between values
C. continuous variation of the signal is possible
D. levels are determined by bits |
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Definition
C. continuous variation of the signal is possible
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Which of the following transducer types is best suited to cardiac imaging?
A. mechanical sector
B. linear array
C. phased array
D. convex array |
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Definition
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The mass you are imaging has a diameter of 35mm. This value can also be expressed as:
A. 3.5 cm
B. 350 cm
C. 0.35 cm
D. 35 m |
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