Entropy:

dS=

Thermal Efficiency of a heat engine:

e=

e_c=

Refridgerator:

e=

e_c=

=W/Q_h

=1-T_c/T_h

=W/Q_c

=T_c/T_h-1

Adiabatic process:

ΔE_int=

PV Relationship:

=W

PV^γ=const

Internal Energy:

dE_int=

Work done on a gas:

W=

Latent Heat:

L=

Heat:

Q=

=CΔT

=mcΔT

(C=heat capacity)

(c=specific heat)

Equation of State (Ideal gas):

PV=

=nRT

=Nk_BT

(N= number of molecules)

Change in size from temperature increase:

ΔL=

ΔV=

=αL_iΔT

=βV_iΔT

(β=3α)

C_p-C_v=

C_p/C_v=

=R

=γ=5/3

Power from Radiation:

P=

=σAeT⁴

(σ=5.669_E-8)

(e=emissitivity)

Isothermal Process:

W=

=-Q

=nRT*ln(V₀/V_f)

Isovolumetric Process:

ΔE_int=

=Q

=nC_vΔT

Isobaric Process:

W=

=-P(V_f-V₀)