Term
|
Definition
characteristics of matter that you can see through direct observation color, texture, density, phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characteristics of matter that can only be observed when one substance changes into a different substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
any change in the size, shape, color, etc. which does not change the identity of the substance physical changes are reversible cutting painting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a change in which the substance becomes an entirely different substance chemical changes are not reversible rusting burning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
D = m / v D = density m = mass v = volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1 g / ml 1 g / cc 1 g / cm3 |
|
|
Term
the two factors that determine density |
|
Definition
1. the mass of each atom or molecule 2. how tightly the atoms and molecules are packed together |
|
|
Term
| two arrangements of atoms and molecules in a solid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
particles are arranged in an orderly, repeating pattern; very organized! salts, minerals, and metals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
particles are arranged randomly rubber wax glass platic |
|
|
Term
| strength of an object depends on 2 factors |
|
Definition
1. How much does the object bend or deform when force is applied? 2. How much force can the object take before it breaks? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the ratio of force acting through the material divided by a cross-section area affected by the force OR the application of force to a specific area of an object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the metric unit for stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how much stress in pulling or tension a material can stand before it breaks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a solid's ability to be stretched and then return to its original size think of a rubber band |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the tendency of a solid to crack or brek when forces are applied think of a glass cup |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the tendency of a solid to change shape when stress is applied, rather than break think of a twist tie |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
when a solid is heated, the kinetic energy in the vibration of the atoms and molecules increases the increased vibration makes the atoms and molecules take up more space, so the solid expands a little |
|
|
Term
Put the phases of matter in order of most dense to least dense |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the measure of the upward force a fluid exerts on an immersed object think floating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the weight of the water displaced by an object is equal to the buoyancy force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if the buoyant force is greater than the weight of the object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if the buoyant force is less than the weight of the object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a force applied to a fluid instead of stress |
|
|
Term
pressure increases in water |
|
Definition
the deeper you go in the water |
|
|
Term
| we are not crushed by atmospheric pressure |
|
Definition
| the pressure of air in our lungs is the same as the pressure outside us |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
height, pressure, and speed are related by energy conservation remember the water flowing out of the hole in the jug it slowed down when pressure decreased it slowed down when the water level dropped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the property of fluids that causes friction it refers to the fact that thick liquids flow slowly and thin liquids flow more quickly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high viscosity because cold makes the molasses thicker, so it flows more slowly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pressure up - volume down volume up - pressure down |
|
|
Term
class example of Boyle's Law |
|
Definition
| when you push on the plunger, the liquid in the plunder decreases |
|
|
Term
key point of Gay-Lussac's Law |
|
Definition
temperature up - pressure up pressure up - temperature up |
|
|
Term
| in class example of Gay-Lussac's Law |
|
Definition
a can with 15 ml of water was heated to boiling when the can was put into cold water, it was crushed the rapid decrease in temperature caused a rapid decrease in the pressure inside the can, so the outside pressure crushed it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| goes down because cold air reduces the air pressure in the tire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increases because the heat increases the pressure inside the tire |
|
|
Term
key point of Charles' Law |
|
Definition
increase temperature - increase volume decrease temperature - decrease volume |
|
|
Term
| in class example of Charles' Law |
|
Definition
heat up a flask with a balloon over the top as the air in the flask becomes hot, the balloon expands when the flask cools down, the balloon is 'sucked' inside the flask |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how much water vapor is in the air compared to how much water vapor the air can hold |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the air can hold no more water |
|
|
Term
| in the summer you feel sticky |
|
Definition
| the relative humidity is high and your sweat cannot evaporate to cool you |
|
|
