Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means examples could be any of the elements of the periodic table |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of matter that makes up an object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical identity of the element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a substance that contains two or more different elements chemically joined examples could be water - H2O salt - NaCl carbon dioxide - CO2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a group of two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds the atoms can be of the same element or of different elements Cl2 is a molecule H20 is a molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contains more than one kind of atom, molecule, or compound. Examples of mixtures are soda, lemonade, pizza. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure of the average kinetic energy of individual atoms |
|
|
Term
| How do you measure temperature? |
|
Definition
in degrees Fahrenheit in degrees Celsius in Kelvin |
|
|
Term
| What are the freezing and boiling points in Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin? |
|
Definition
Fahrenheit 32oF 212oF Celsius 0oC 100oC Kelvin 273K 373K |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an instrument that measures temperature |
|
|
Term
What is the formula to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the formula to convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 phases of matter and their characteristics. |
|
Definition
Solid - no flow, keeps shape, keeps volume Liquid - flows, changes shape, keeps volume Gas - flows, changes shape, changes volume Plasma - hot, on the sun, in lightning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the attraction between molecules This attraction is changed by temperature. High temperatures weaken the intermolecular forces. Low temperatures strengthen the forces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a physical change from a solid to a liquid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a physical change from a liquid to a gas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evaporation that occurs under the surface of a liquid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a temperature at which molecules have no kinetic energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sum of all the kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the flow of thermal energy, from hot to cold |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the metric unit for measuring heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the quantity of heat needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1oC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British thermal unit - used to measure heat produced by heating systems and removed by cooling systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a property of a substance that tells us how much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance |
|
|
Term
What does a low specific heat mean? |
|
Definition
| The substance heats up and cools down quickly. A good example would be metals. |
|
|
Term
| What does a high specific heat mean? |
|
Definition
The substance heats up and cools down slowly. A good example would be water. |
|
|
Term
Name 3 types of heat transfer. |
|
Definition
conduction convection thermal radiation |
|
|
Term
Define conduction and give an example. |
|
Definition
the transfer of heat by direct contact shaking hands hot cocoa makes the spoon hot |
|
|
Term
| Define convection and give one example. |
|
Definition
the transfer of heat through the motion of liquids and gases refrigerators, ovens, dryers, radiators |
|
|
Term
| Define thermal radiation and give an example. |
|
Definition
electromagnetic waves produced by objects sunshine in - door lighting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| during heat transfer, both objects become the same temperature so heat no longer flows |
|
|
Term
thermal conductor give an example |
|
Definition
those materials that conduct heat easily metals |
|
|
Term
thermal insulator give an example |
|
Definition
those materials that conduct heat poorly styrofoam wood plastic |
|
|
Term
| Can thermal radiation travel through outer space? |
|
Definition
| Yes - because no matter is necessary to transfer the thermal radiation. |
|
|
Term
| Can convection and conduction work in outer space? |
|
Definition
| No, because matter is necessary to transfer heat via conduction and convection. |
|
|
