Term
|
Definition
| A close agreement by competent observers of a sweries of observers of the same phenomenon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An educated guess; a reasonable explanation of an observation of experimental result that is not fully accepted as factual until tested over and over again by experiment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A general hypothesis or statement about the relationship of number of quanities that has been tested over and over again and has not been contradicted. Also known as principal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An orderly method for gaining, organizing and applying new knowledge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A synthesis of a large body of information that encompasses well tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the natural world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How fast something moves. The distance traveled per unit of time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The rate at which velocity changes with time; the change in velocity may be in magnitude or direction or both. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The speed of an object and specification of its direction of motion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Motion under the influence of gravity only. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The quantity that has both magnitude and direction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A quantity that has magnitude but not direction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The net result of a combination of two or more vectors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any object that moves through the air or through space under the influence of gravity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The curved path followed by a projectile under the influence of gravity only. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The distance moved per unit of time. Also called speed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The linear speed along the curved path. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of rotations or revolutions per unit of time; often measured in rotations or revolutions per second or per minute. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The property of things to resist changes in motion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The quantity of matter in an object. More specifically, it is the measure of the inertia or sluggishness that an object exibits in response to any effort made to start it, stop it, deflect it, or change its state of motion in any way. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The force due to gravity on an object. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fundamental SI unit of mass. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The quantity of space an object occupies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any influence that can cause an object to be accelerated. Measured in Newtons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The resistive force that opposses the motion or attempted motion of an object past another with which it is in contact or through a fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The state of an object or system of objects for which any impressed forces cancel to zero and no acceleration occurs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The speed at which the acceleration of a falling object terminates because air resistance balances its weight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The product of the mass of an object and its velocity; inertia in motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The product of the force acting on an object and the time during which it acts. In an interation, impulses are equal and opposite. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When no external net force acts on an object or system of objects, no change of momentum takes place. Hence, the momentum before equals the momentum after. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A collision in which colliding objects rebound without lasting deformation or the generation of heat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A collision in which the colliding objects become distroted, generate heat and possibly stick together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The product of the force and the distance through which a body acted on by the force moves. w=fd |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The time rate of work. p=w/t |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The property of a system that enables it to do work. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The energy that a body possesses because of its position. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Energy of motion quantified by the relationship. ke=1/2mv^2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another but the total amount of energy never changes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The work done on an object is equal to the energy gained by the object. work=change in KE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| THe property of an object that measures the resistance of any change in its state of rotation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The product of force and lever arm distance which tends to produce rotation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The average position of mass or the single point associated with an object where all its mass can be considered to be concentrated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The average position of weight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The center seeking force that causes an object to follow a circular path. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An apparent outward force due to rotation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The product of a body's rotational intertia and rotational velocity. |
|
|
Term
| Conservation of Angular Momentum |
|
Definition
| When no external torque acts on an object or a system of objects, no change of angular momentum takes place. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Each planet moves in an elliptical orbit with the sun at one focus. 2. The line from the sun to any planet sweeps out equal areas of space in equal time intervals. 3. The squares of the times of revolution are proportional to the cubes of their average distances from the sun. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Everybody in the universe attracts every other body with a force that for two bodys is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance seperating them. f= Gm1m2/d2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition encountered in free fall where in a support force is lacking. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The influence that a massive body extends into the space around itself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A projectile or small celestial body that orbits a larger celestial body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An oval path followed by a satellite. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The speed that a projectile, space probe, or similar object must reach to escape the gravitational force of a planet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest particle of an element that has all the elements chemical properties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest particle of any substance that has all the substances chemical properties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substances mixed together without combining chemically. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A number designated an atom which is the same number of protons in the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The mass of a substance per unit of volume. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The property of a material wherein it changes shape when a deforming force acts on it and returns to its original shape. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of stretch or compression and object can under go without being unable to return to its original shape. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of how size affects the relationships among weight, strength and surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The ratio of force the the area over which that force is distributed Pressure = force/area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The net upward force that a fluid exerts on an immersed object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An immersed body is bouyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A floating object displaces a weight of fluid equal to its own weight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pressure applied to a motionless fluid confined in a container is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pressure exerted against bodies immersed in the atmosphere. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any device that measures atmospheric pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pressure in a fluid moving steadily without friction or outside energy input decreases when the fluid velocity increases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measure of the averae translational kinetic energy per molecule in a substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The lowest possible temperature that a substance may have. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The neergy that flows from a stbstance of higher temperature to a substance of lower temperature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The total of all molecular energies, kinetic pluspotential, that are internal to a substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The quantity of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 Celcius degree. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transfer of heat energy by molecular and electron collissions within a substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The trasnfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid by means of currents in the heated fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transfer of energy at the speed of light by means of electromagnetic waves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rate of loss ofheat from an object is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The heating effect of a medium such as glass or the earth's atmosphere. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The change of phaseat the surface of a liquid as it passes to the gaseous phase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The change of phase from gas to liquid; the opposite of evaporation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A rapid evaporation the takes place within the liquid as well as its surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of melting under pressure and the subsequent refreezing when the pressure is removed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of heat and its transformation to different forms of energy. |
|
|
Term
| 1st Law of Thernodynamics |
|
Definition
The heat added to a system equals its increase in internal energy plus the external work it does on its environment. |
|
|
Term
2nd Law of Thermodynamics |
|
Definition
| Thermal energy never spontaneously flows from a cold object to a hot object. Also, no machine can be completely efficient in converting heat to work. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
= Thot - Tcold ______________ Thot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process, often of fast expansion of compression, wherein not heat enters or leaves a system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A device that uses heat as input and supplies mechanical work as output. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measure of the disorder of a system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| For a wave in vibration, the maximum displacement on either side of the equilibrium position. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wave form traced by single harmonic motion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The distance between successive crests, troughs, or identical parts of a wave. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of vibrations per unit time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the SI unit of frequency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The time in which a vibration is completed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The speed with which waves pass a particular point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wave in which the vibrations is in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wave in which the medium vibrates in a direction parallel to the direction in which the wave travels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pattern formed by superposition of different sets of waves that produces reinforcement in some places and cancellation in others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The shift in received frequency due to motion of vibrating source toward or away from a receiver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cone-shaped wave made by an object moving at supersonic speed through a fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The loud sound resulting from the incidence of a shock wave. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describes a sound that has a frequency too high to be heard by the human ear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condensed region of the medium through which a longitudinal wave travels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Region of lessened pressure of the medium through which a longitudinal wave travels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The response of a body when a forcing frequency matches its natural frequency. |
|
|
Term
| Electrostatics - Electricity |
|
Definition
| The study of electric charge at rest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any material having free charged particles that easily flow through it when an electric force acts on them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A material without free charged particles and through which charge does not easily flow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Force per unit charge and is a storehouse of electric energy. About a charge point, it decreases with distance according to the inverse equare law. Between oppositely charged parallel plates, it is uniform |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The difference in voltage between two points, measured in volts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The flow of electric charge that transports energy from one place to another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Resistance of a material to the flow of electric charge through it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The statement that the current in a circuit varies in direct proportion to the potential difference or voltage and inversely with resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The rate of energy transfer, or the rate of doing work. =Current x Voltage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An electric circuit with devices connected in such a way that the electric current is the same through each of them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An electric ciucuit with two or more devices connected in such a way that the same voltage acts across each one and are all independent of each other. |
|
|
