Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Physics Chapter 1 and 2
Intro to Physics/Radiation Concepts
34
Physics
Undergraduate 2
09/03/2015

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Cards

Term
Mass (and how it's measured)
Definition
Anything that occupies space and has mass (measured in Kilograms)
Term
Weight
Definition
The force exerted on a body under the influence of gravity
Term
Atom
Definition
Smallest particle of an element that can't be divided or broken by chemical means
Term
Energy (and how it's measured)
Definition
The ability to do work (measured in joules)
Term
Atomic number (Z #)
Definition
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Term
Atomic mass number
Definition
Equals number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Term
Isotope
Definition
An atom that has gained or lost an electron, making the number of neutrons differ from the number of protons
Term
Octet rule
Definition
Atoms with 8 electrons in their outer shell are considered inert and chemically stable
Term
Binding energy
Definition
The strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus is called _____________
Term
Valence electrons
Definition
Electrons in the outer-most shell that determine capability of combining with other atoms to form compounds.
Term
Potential energy
Definition
The ability to do work by virtue of position
Term
Electromagnetic energy
Definition
Type of energy in x-rays, radio waves, microwaves, and visible light.
Term
Electromagnetic radiation
Definition
Oscillating electric and magnetic fields that travel in a vacuum with the velocity of light. Includes x-rays, gamma rays, and some nonionizing radiation (such as ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and radio waves).
Term
Electricity
Definition
Form of energy created by the activity of electrons and other subatomic particles in motion.
Term
Wavelength
Definition
Distance between similar points on a sine wave; the length of one cycle.
Term
Frequency
Definition
Number of cycles or wavelengths of a simple harmonic motion per unit time. Expressed in Hertz (Hz)
Term
Einstein's theory of relativity
Definition
The strangest property associated with matter and energy is that they are interchangeable, a characteristic first described by Albert Einstein in his famous theory of relativity. This mass-energy equivalence serves as the basis for the atomic bomb, nuclear power plants, and certain nuclear medicine imaging modalities.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Made up of protons and neutrons, together form nucleons. Electrons orbit the nucleus
Term
Chemical bonds
Definition
Atoms combine with each other to form compounds
Term
Two major branches of natural science
Definition
Physical science - non-living matter
Biological science - living matter
Term
Molecule
Definition
Two or more atoms combined chemically
Term
Ionization
Definition
Removal of an orbital electron from an atom.
Term
3 basic subatomic particles
Definition
Protons, neutrons and electrons
Term
2n squared
Definition
Amount of electrons that can potentially be in a shell
Term
Periodic table
Definition
Horizontal rows list # of valence electrons for the element
Term
5 types of energy
Definition
Chemical energy, heat, electrical energy, nuclear energy and electromagnetic energy
Term
Standard units of measurements have been devised by scientists to describe quantities of _____________
Definition
Mass, length and time
Term
Substance
Definition
Material that has definite and constant composition:

Simple (elements)- Cannot be broken down into simpler substances by normal means

Complex (compound) - can be broken down by water or air
Term
Mixtures
Definition
Combination of two or more substances. Ex. air=oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
Term
Orbital electrons
Definition
Shell (energy level) - determined by electrons distance from the nucleus - K,L,M,N,O,P and Q
Term
Electron binding energy
Definition
Amount of energy needed to remove the electron from the shells.
Term
Amplitude
Definition
Intensity of the wave as defined by its maximum height
Term
Frequency and wavelength are _________ proportional
Definition
Inversely
Term
Photon energy and frequency are ________ proportional
Definition
Directly
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