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235 BC - Eratosthenes
- measured a shadow at Alexandria and used information about Syene
250,000 stadia in circumference |
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Aristarchus suggested Earth spns on daily axis.
Calculated moon's diameter and distance from Earth in 240 BCE. Used lunar eclipse and coin to find distance to moon. |
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* Recognize question.
* Make hypothesis.
* Predict consequences of hypothesis.
* Perform experiments or make calculations to test.
* Formulate simplest general rule that organizes the hypothesis, predicted effects and experimental findings |
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| fake science which lacks evidence and cannot be proven wrong. Includes astrology, mysticism, energy multiplying machines. |
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| 384-322 BC. Greek philosopher. "Natural motion proceeds from the nature of an object" (water, earth, air, fire). Believed heavier objects fell faster and this failure to recognize friction as a force impeded science for 2000 years. |
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Polish astronomer, 1474-1543.
Heliocentricism. |
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| 1564-1642, Pisa. Discovered that except for the small effect of air resistance, objects of various weights fall at same rate. Used balls and tilted planes to demonstrate friction. |
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| Newton's First Law of Motion |
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Every object continues in state of motion or rest in straight line unless force acted on it.
INERTIA: the property of objects to resist changes in motion |
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tension: a stretching force- when something hangs from spring, tension force acting upward and weight acting downward are equal and opposite (rest).
Mechanical equilibrium: net force = 0.
Σ F = 0. "vector sum of force = 0" |
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Vector Quantity specifies direction and magnitude (force, velocity)
Scalar Quantity measures only magnitude (speed) |
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| change in velocity / time interval |
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| Acceleration on Galileo's inclined planes |
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Ball rolls with unchanging acceleration.
Velocity acquired = acceleration x time.
Steeper inclines result in greater accelerations. |
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10 m/s/s
V = GT (velocity acquired = acceleration x time) |
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| Distance traveled during Free Fall |
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