Term
| What is an isolated system? How does it affect the change in internal energy? |
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Definition
| A system that can't exchange energy or matter with its surroundings. Results in the total change in internal energy being zero. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system that is capable of exchanging energy but not matter with the surroundings. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system that can exchange both matter and energy. |
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Term
| What equation represents the first law of thermodynamics and determines a system's internal energy? |
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Definition
ΔU = Q - W
ΔU is the change in internal energy.
Q is heat flowing in (+ value) or out (- value) of the system.
W is the work done by (expansion, + value) or on (compression, - value) the system. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which a quantity of energy is transferred between two objects as a result of a difference in temperature. Measured in Joules (J) |
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Term
| What are the 3 forms of heat transfer? |
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Definition
Conduction - direct transfer of energy through contact
Convection - physical motion of a fluid over a material
Radiation - energy transfer by electromagnetic waves |
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Term
| What equation relates the heat gained or lost by an object due to a change in temperature? |
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Definition
q = mcΔT
q is heat in Joules (J)
m is mass
c is specific heat in J/(g*K)
T is change in temperature |
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Term
| What equation calculates heat energy added or removed from a system undergoing a phase change? |
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Definition
q = mL
q is heat energy in Joules (J)
m is mass
L is latent heat in J/kg |
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Term
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Definition
constant temperature therefore no change in internal energy
Q = W |
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Term
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Definition
no heat exchange so change in internal energy equals the work done on or by the system
ΔU = -W
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Term
| isovolumetric or isochoric |
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Definition
no change in volume therefore no work is accomplished
ΔU = Q |
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Term
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Definition
| occur at constant pressure, doesn't affect 1st law of thermodynamics |
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Term
| Equation for calculating the change in entropy |
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Definition
ΔS = Qrev/T
ΔS is the change in entropy in J/(mol*K)
Q is the heat gained or lost in a reversible process in Joules (J)
T is temperatuer in Kelvin (K) |
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